BCG vaccination reduces risk of tuberculosis infection in vaccinated badgers and unvaccinated badger cubs.
Wildlife is a global source of endemic and emerging infectious diseases. The control of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle in Britain and Ireland is hindered by persistent infection in wild badgers (Meles meles). Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been shown to reduce the severity and prog...
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2012-01-01
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doaj-0034ad8a47af4c23ad5a13e7e5eebf382020-11-25T02:42:28ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-01712e4983310.1371/journal.pone.0049833BCG vaccination reduces risk of tuberculosis infection in vaccinated badgers and unvaccinated badger cubs.Stephen P CarterMark A ChambersStephen P RushtonMark D F ShirleyPia SchuchertStéphane PietravalleAlistair MurrayFiona RogersGeorge GettinbyGraham C SmithRichard J DelahayR Glyn HewinsonRobbie A McDonaldWildlife is a global source of endemic and emerging infectious diseases. The control of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle in Britain and Ireland is hindered by persistent infection in wild badgers (Meles meles). Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been shown to reduce the severity and progression of experimentally induced TB in captive badgers. Analysis of data from a four-year clinical field study, conducted at the social group level, suggested a similar, direct protective effect of BCG in a wild badger population. Here we present new evidence from the same study identifying both a direct beneficial effect of vaccination in individual badgers and an indirect protective effect in unvaccinated cubs. We show that intramuscular injection of BCG reduced by 76% (Odds ratio = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-0.52) the risk of free-living vaccinated individuals testing positive to a diagnostic test combination to detect progressive infection. A more sensitive panel of tests for the detection of infection per se identified a reduction of 54% (Odds ratio = 0.46, 95% CI 0.26-0.88) in the risk of a positive result following vaccination. In addition, we show the risk of unvaccinated badger cubs, but not adults, testing positive to an even more sensitive panel of diagnostic tests decreased significantly as the proportion of vaccinated individuals in their social group increased (Odds ratio = 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.76; P = 0.03). When more than a third of their social group had been vaccinated, the risk to unvaccinated cubs was reduced by 79% (Odds ratio = 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.81; P = 0.02).http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3521029?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Stephen P Carter Mark A Chambers Stephen P Rushton Mark D F Shirley Pia Schuchert Stéphane Pietravalle Alistair Murray Fiona Rogers George Gettinby Graham C Smith Richard J Delahay R Glyn Hewinson Robbie A McDonald |
spellingShingle |
Stephen P Carter Mark A Chambers Stephen P Rushton Mark D F Shirley Pia Schuchert Stéphane Pietravalle Alistair Murray Fiona Rogers George Gettinby Graham C Smith Richard J Delahay R Glyn Hewinson Robbie A McDonald BCG vaccination reduces risk of tuberculosis infection in vaccinated badgers and unvaccinated badger cubs. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Stephen P Carter Mark A Chambers Stephen P Rushton Mark D F Shirley Pia Schuchert Stéphane Pietravalle Alistair Murray Fiona Rogers George Gettinby Graham C Smith Richard J Delahay R Glyn Hewinson Robbie A McDonald |
author_sort |
Stephen P Carter |
title |
BCG vaccination reduces risk of tuberculosis infection in vaccinated badgers and unvaccinated badger cubs. |
title_short |
BCG vaccination reduces risk of tuberculosis infection in vaccinated badgers and unvaccinated badger cubs. |
title_full |
BCG vaccination reduces risk of tuberculosis infection in vaccinated badgers and unvaccinated badger cubs. |
title_fullStr |
BCG vaccination reduces risk of tuberculosis infection in vaccinated badgers and unvaccinated badger cubs. |
title_full_unstemmed |
BCG vaccination reduces risk of tuberculosis infection in vaccinated badgers and unvaccinated badger cubs. |
title_sort |
bcg vaccination reduces risk of tuberculosis infection in vaccinated badgers and unvaccinated badger cubs. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2012-01-01 |
description |
Wildlife is a global source of endemic and emerging infectious diseases. The control of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle in Britain and Ireland is hindered by persistent infection in wild badgers (Meles meles). Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been shown to reduce the severity and progression of experimentally induced TB in captive badgers. Analysis of data from a four-year clinical field study, conducted at the social group level, suggested a similar, direct protective effect of BCG in a wild badger population. Here we present new evidence from the same study identifying both a direct beneficial effect of vaccination in individual badgers and an indirect protective effect in unvaccinated cubs. We show that intramuscular injection of BCG reduced by 76% (Odds ratio = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-0.52) the risk of free-living vaccinated individuals testing positive to a diagnostic test combination to detect progressive infection. A more sensitive panel of tests for the detection of infection per se identified a reduction of 54% (Odds ratio = 0.46, 95% CI 0.26-0.88) in the risk of a positive result following vaccination. In addition, we show the risk of unvaccinated badger cubs, but not adults, testing positive to an even more sensitive panel of diagnostic tests decreased significantly as the proportion of vaccinated individuals in their social group increased (Odds ratio = 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.76; P = 0.03). When more than a third of their social group had been vaccinated, the risk to unvaccinated cubs was reduced by 79% (Odds ratio = 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.81; P = 0.02). |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3521029?pdf=render |
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