Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Pre-Adolescent Children Living in Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Studies on vitamin D status and its determinants in growing children in countries with ample sunshine such as Malaysia have been limited. The aim of our study was to determine factors associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations such as lifestyle, dietary intake, anthropometry, and body composition...
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doaj-101616ab901d4626a8045b610ceaa2072021-07-23T13:58:13ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-06-01132175217510.3390/nu13072175Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Pre-Adolescent Children Living in Urban Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaWinnie Siew Swee Chee0Chung Yuan Chang1Kanimolli Arasu2Soon Yee Wong3Shu Hwa Ong4Wai Yew Yang5Megan Hueh Zan Chong6Meenal Mavinkurve7Erwin Jiayuan Khoo8Karuthan Chinna9Connie M. Weaver10Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDepartment of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDepartment of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDepartment of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDepartment of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDepartment of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDepartment of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDepartment of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, Seremban 70300, MalaysiaDepartment of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, Seremban 70300, MalaysiaFaculty of Health & Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, No. 1, Jalan Taylor’s, Subang Jaya 47500, MalaysiaDistinguished Professor Emerita, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAStudies on vitamin D status and its determinants in growing children in countries with ample sunshine such as Malaysia have been limited. The aim of our study was to determine factors associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations such as lifestyle, dietary intake, anthropometry, and body composition in 243 pre-adolescent Malaysian children from low-income families living in Kuala Lumpur. This cross-sectional study measured bone density and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while serum 25(OH)D was measured using LC–MS/MS. Time spent outdoors, body surface area exposed to sunlight, dietary intake, and physical activity level were assessed using questionnaires. Multiple linear regression and stepwise analysis were performed to identify significant predictors for serum 25(OH)D. About 69.4% had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L, and 18.9% were vitamin-D-deficient with 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L. Girls had a nine-fold higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than boys. Body surface area exposed to sunlight, Sun Index, and fat mass were significant predictors of 25(OH)D concentrations in this population. Modifiable lifestyle factors such as sun exposure and reducing obesity are important public health guidance to ensure optimal vitamin D status in these children.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/7/2175serum 25(OH)Dpre-adolescent childrenvitamin D statuslifestyle factors |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Winnie Siew Swee Chee Chung Yuan Chang Kanimolli Arasu Soon Yee Wong Shu Hwa Ong Wai Yew Yang Megan Hueh Zan Chong Meenal Mavinkurve Erwin Jiayuan Khoo Karuthan Chinna Connie M. Weaver |
spellingShingle |
Winnie Siew Swee Chee Chung Yuan Chang Kanimolli Arasu Soon Yee Wong Shu Hwa Ong Wai Yew Yang Megan Hueh Zan Chong Meenal Mavinkurve Erwin Jiayuan Khoo Karuthan Chinna Connie M. Weaver Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Pre-Adolescent Children Living in Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Nutrients serum 25(OH)D pre-adolescent children vitamin D status lifestyle factors |
author_facet |
Winnie Siew Swee Chee Chung Yuan Chang Kanimolli Arasu Soon Yee Wong Shu Hwa Ong Wai Yew Yang Megan Hueh Zan Chong Meenal Mavinkurve Erwin Jiayuan Khoo Karuthan Chinna Connie M. Weaver |
author_sort |
Winnie Siew Swee Chee |
title |
Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Pre-Adolescent Children Living in Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
title_short |
Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Pre-Adolescent Children Living in Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
title_full |
Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Pre-Adolescent Children Living in Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
title_fullStr |
Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Pre-Adolescent Children Living in Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Pre-Adolescent Children Living in Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
title_sort |
vitamin d status is associated with modifiable lifestyle factors in pre-adolescent children living in urban kuala lumpur, malaysia |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
Studies on vitamin D status and its determinants in growing children in countries with ample sunshine such as Malaysia have been limited. The aim of our study was to determine factors associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations such as lifestyle, dietary intake, anthropometry, and body composition in 243 pre-adolescent Malaysian children from low-income families living in Kuala Lumpur. This cross-sectional study measured bone density and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while serum 25(OH)D was measured using LC–MS/MS. Time spent outdoors, body surface area exposed to sunlight, dietary intake, and physical activity level were assessed using questionnaires. Multiple linear regression and stepwise analysis were performed to identify significant predictors for serum 25(OH)D. About 69.4% had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L, and 18.9% were vitamin-D-deficient with 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L. Girls had a nine-fold higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than boys. Body surface area exposed to sunlight, Sun Index, and fat mass were significant predictors of 25(OH)D concentrations in this population. Modifiable lifestyle factors such as sun exposure and reducing obesity are important public health guidance to ensure optimal vitamin D status in these children. |
topic |
serum 25(OH)D pre-adolescent children vitamin D status lifestyle factors |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/7/2175 |
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