Smoking cessation interventions on health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective The authors carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis on smoking cessation interventions on health -care workers to clarify the state of the art interventions and to identify the best one. Materials and Methods This review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019130117. The databas...
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doaj-13832aa0b47a46b5b00e22ff652fe2302020-11-25T03:07:17ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592020-06-018e939610.7717/peerj.9396Smoking cessation interventions on health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysisGiuseppe La TorreGenerosa TiberioAlessandro SindoniBarbara DorelliVittoria CammalleriObjective The authors carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis on smoking cessation interventions on health -care workers to clarify the state of the art interventions and to identify the best one. Materials and Methods This review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019130117. The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched until December 2018. Quality of all studies included in the systematic review was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) on cohort or cross-sectional studies and to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials. Meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were also carried out for cohort studies (quasi-experimental or a before-after studies design) and clinical trials. Results Twenty–four studies have been included in the analysis: four before-after, 13 cross-sectional, three quasi-experimental studies and four clinical trials. Articles were heterogeneous (P for homogeneity <0.01), but they have all shown positive results since they reached the goal of smoking cessation among health-care workers, even if with different proportions. Meta-analysis was performed on 10 studies (six cohort studies and four clinical trials), showing a 21% of success rate from the application of smoking cessation interventions, either pharmacological or behavioral ones. The resulted pooled RR (Risk Ratio) was 1.21 (95% CI [1.06–1.38]), being 24% of success rate from clinical trials (pooled RR 1.244; 95% CI [1.099–1.407]) and 19% of success rate from cohort studies (pooled RR 1.192; 0.996–1.426). However, two studies have confidence intervals which include unity and one study has a wide confidence interval; as a consequence, the meta-analysis for its results depends heavily on one single study. Meta-regression analysis revealed that results were influenced by the number of participants. Conclusion Both policy and pharmaceutical interventions can obtain positive results in quitting smoking among health-care workers. However, as shown by our review, combination approaches can produce better results in terms of cessation percentages and smoking abstinence.https://peerj.com/articles/9396.pdfSmoking cessationInterventionsHealth-care workersSystematic reviewMeta-analysis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Giuseppe La Torre Generosa Tiberio Alessandro Sindoni Barbara Dorelli Vittoria Cammalleri |
spellingShingle |
Giuseppe La Torre Generosa Tiberio Alessandro Sindoni Barbara Dorelli Vittoria Cammalleri Smoking cessation interventions on health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis PeerJ Smoking cessation Interventions Health-care workers Systematic review Meta-analysis |
author_facet |
Giuseppe La Torre Generosa Tiberio Alessandro Sindoni Barbara Dorelli Vittoria Cammalleri |
author_sort |
Giuseppe La Torre |
title |
Smoking cessation interventions on health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_short |
Smoking cessation interventions on health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full |
Smoking cessation interventions on health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_fullStr |
Smoking cessation interventions on health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Smoking cessation interventions on health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_sort |
smoking cessation interventions on health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
publisher |
PeerJ Inc. |
series |
PeerJ |
issn |
2167-8359 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
Objective The authors carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis on smoking cessation interventions on health -care workers to clarify the state of the art interventions and to identify the best one. Materials and Methods This review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019130117. The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched until December 2018. Quality of all studies included in the systematic review was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) on cohort or cross-sectional studies and to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials. Meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were also carried out for cohort studies (quasi-experimental or a before-after studies design) and clinical trials. Results Twenty–four studies have been included in the analysis: four before-after, 13 cross-sectional, three quasi-experimental studies and four clinical trials. Articles were heterogeneous (P for homogeneity <0.01), but they have all shown positive results since they reached the goal of smoking cessation among health-care workers, even if with different proportions. Meta-analysis was performed on 10 studies (six cohort studies and four clinical trials), showing a 21% of success rate from the application of smoking cessation interventions, either pharmacological or behavioral ones. The resulted pooled RR (Risk Ratio) was 1.21 (95% CI [1.06–1.38]), being 24% of success rate from clinical trials (pooled RR 1.244; 95% CI [1.099–1.407]) and 19% of success rate from cohort studies (pooled RR 1.192; 0.996–1.426). However, two studies have confidence intervals which include unity and one study has a wide confidence interval; as a consequence, the meta-analysis for its results depends heavily on one single study. Meta-regression analysis revealed that results were influenced by the number of participants. Conclusion Both policy and pharmaceutical interventions can obtain positive results in quitting smoking among health-care workers. However, as shown by our review, combination approaches can produce better results in terms of cessation percentages and smoking abstinence. |
topic |
Smoking cessation Interventions Health-care workers Systematic review Meta-analysis |
url |
https://peerj.com/articles/9396.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
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