Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone
The mechanism of action of pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has not been fully elucidated. To offer additional insight, we evaluated the change in the cytokine profile in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) following a six-month treatment with pirfenidone in patients with IPF. EBC conc...
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doaj-158b5e911cb8445fb569a362f5bcc39c2020-11-25T03:48:29ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-08-0192523252310.3390/jcm9082523Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with PirfenidoneKaja Jaskiewicz0Katarzyna Mycroft1Marta Maskey-Warzechowska2Karolina Paralusz3Natalia Siemiez4Patrycja Nejman-Gryz5Malgorzata Barnas6Rafal Krenke7Katarzyna Gorska8Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandStudents’ Research Group “Alveolus”, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandStudents’ Research Group “Alveolus”, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandThe mechanism of action of pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has not been fully elucidated. To offer additional insight, we evaluated the change in the cytokine profile in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) following a six-month treatment with pirfenidone in patients with IPF. EBC concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-15, TNF-α and VEGF-A were assessed with ELISA and compared at baseline and after six months of pirfenidone treatment. Twenty-nine patients with IPF and 13 controls were evaluated at baseline. With the exception of IL-8 concentration, which was lower in patients with IPF when compared to controls (<i>p</i> = 0.005), the cytokine levels did not differ between the groups. Despite the use of a high sensitivity assay, IL-8 reached detectable values only in 24% of IPF patients. EBC analysis after six months of treatment with pirfenidone did not reveal any differences in the cytokine levels. The change in EBC vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) correlated with the change in the 6 min walk distance (r = 0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.045). We conclude that a six-month treatment with pirfenidone did not significantly change the EBC cytokine profile. Our findings support the potential usefulness of VEGF-A as a marker in IPF. The low EBC IL-8 level in patients with IPF is a novel finding which needs confirmation in larger studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2523antifibrotic treatmentexhaled breath condensatepulmonary fibrosisinterleukinvascular endothelial growth factor |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kaja Jaskiewicz Katarzyna Mycroft Marta Maskey-Warzechowska Karolina Paralusz Natalia Siemiez Patrycja Nejman-Gryz Malgorzata Barnas Rafal Krenke Katarzyna Gorska |
spellingShingle |
Kaja Jaskiewicz Katarzyna Mycroft Marta Maskey-Warzechowska Karolina Paralusz Natalia Siemiez Patrycja Nejman-Gryz Malgorzata Barnas Rafal Krenke Katarzyna Gorska Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone Journal of Clinical Medicine antifibrotic treatment exhaled breath condensate pulmonary fibrosis interleukin vascular endothelial growth factor |
author_facet |
Kaja Jaskiewicz Katarzyna Mycroft Marta Maskey-Warzechowska Karolina Paralusz Natalia Siemiez Patrycja Nejman-Gryz Malgorzata Barnas Rafal Krenke Katarzyna Gorska |
author_sort |
Kaja Jaskiewicz |
title |
Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone |
title_short |
Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone |
title_full |
Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone |
title_fullStr |
Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone |
title_sort |
exhaled biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis—a six-month follow-up study in patients treated with pirfenidone |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Journal of Clinical Medicine |
issn |
2077-0383 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
The mechanism of action of pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has not been fully elucidated. To offer additional insight, we evaluated the change in the cytokine profile in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) following a six-month treatment with pirfenidone in patients with IPF. EBC concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-15, TNF-α and VEGF-A were assessed with ELISA and compared at baseline and after six months of pirfenidone treatment. Twenty-nine patients with IPF and 13 controls were evaluated at baseline. With the exception of IL-8 concentration, which was lower in patients with IPF when compared to controls (<i>p</i> = 0.005), the cytokine levels did not differ between the groups. Despite the use of a high sensitivity assay, IL-8 reached detectable values only in 24% of IPF patients. EBC analysis after six months of treatment with pirfenidone did not reveal any differences in the cytokine levels. The change in EBC vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) correlated with the change in the 6 min walk distance (r = 0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.045). We conclude that a six-month treatment with pirfenidone did not significantly change the EBC cytokine profile. Our findings support the potential usefulness of VEGF-A as a marker in IPF. The low EBC IL-8 level in patients with IPF is a novel finding which needs confirmation in larger studies. |
topic |
antifibrotic treatment exhaled breath condensate pulmonary fibrosis interleukin vascular endothelial growth factor |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2523 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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