Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone

The mechanism of action of pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has not been fully elucidated. To offer additional insight, we evaluated the change in the cytokine profile in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) following a six-month treatment with pirfenidone in patients with IPF. EBC conc...

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Main Authors: Kaja Jaskiewicz, Katarzyna Mycroft, Marta Maskey-Warzechowska, Karolina Paralusz, Natalia Siemiez, Patrycja Nejman-Gryz, Malgorzata Barnas, Rafal Krenke, Katarzyna Gorska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-08-01
Series:Journal of Clinical Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2523
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spelling doaj-158b5e911cb8445fb569a362f5bcc39c2020-11-25T03:48:29ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-08-0192523252310.3390/jcm9082523Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with PirfenidoneKaja Jaskiewicz0Katarzyna Mycroft1Marta Maskey-Warzechowska2Karolina Paralusz3Natalia Siemiez4Patrycja Nejman-Gryz5Malgorzata Barnas6Rafal Krenke7Katarzyna Gorska8Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandStudents’ Research Group “Alveolus”, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandStudents’ Research Group “Alveolus”, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, PolandThe mechanism of action of pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has not been fully elucidated. To offer additional insight, we evaluated the change in the cytokine profile in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) following a six-month treatment with pirfenidone in patients with IPF. EBC concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-15, TNF-α and VEGF-A were assessed with ELISA and compared at baseline and after six months of pirfenidone treatment. Twenty-nine patients with IPF and 13 controls were evaluated at baseline. With the exception of IL-8 concentration, which was lower in patients with IPF when compared to controls (<i>p</i> = 0.005), the cytokine levels did not differ between the groups. Despite the use of a high sensitivity assay, IL-8 reached detectable values only in 24% of IPF patients. EBC analysis after six months of treatment with pirfenidone did not reveal any differences in the cytokine levels. The change in EBC vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) correlated with the change in the 6 min walk distance (r = 0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.045). We conclude that a six-month treatment with pirfenidone did not significantly change the EBC cytokine profile. Our findings support the potential usefulness of VEGF-A as a marker in IPF. The low EBC IL-8 level in patients with IPF is a novel finding which needs confirmation in larger studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2523antifibrotic treatmentexhaled breath condensatepulmonary fibrosisinterleukinvascular endothelial growth factor
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Kaja Jaskiewicz
Katarzyna Mycroft
Marta Maskey-Warzechowska
Karolina Paralusz
Natalia Siemiez
Patrycja Nejman-Gryz
Malgorzata Barnas
Rafal Krenke
Katarzyna Gorska
spellingShingle Kaja Jaskiewicz
Katarzyna Mycroft
Marta Maskey-Warzechowska
Karolina Paralusz
Natalia Siemiez
Patrycja Nejman-Gryz
Malgorzata Barnas
Rafal Krenke
Katarzyna Gorska
Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone
Journal of Clinical Medicine
antifibrotic treatment
exhaled breath condensate
pulmonary fibrosis
interleukin
vascular endothelial growth factor
author_facet Kaja Jaskiewicz
Katarzyna Mycroft
Marta Maskey-Warzechowska
Karolina Paralusz
Natalia Siemiez
Patrycja Nejman-Gryz
Malgorzata Barnas
Rafal Krenke
Katarzyna Gorska
author_sort Kaja Jaskiewicz
title Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone
title_short Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone
title_full Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone
title_fullStr Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone
title_full_unstemmed Exhaled Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis—A Six-Month Follow-Up Study in Patients Treated with Pirfenidone
title_sort exhaled biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis—a six-month follow-up study in patients treated with pirfenidone
publisher MDPI AG
series Journal of Clinical Medicine
issn 2077-0383
publishDate 2020-08-01
description The mechanism of action of pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has not been fully elucidated. To offer additional insight, we evaluated the change in the cytokine profile in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) following a six-month treatment with pirfenidone in patients with IPF. EBC concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-15, TNF-α and VEGF-A were assessed with ELISA and compared at baseline and after six months of pirfenidone treatment. Twenty-nine patients with IPF and 13 controls were evaluated at baseline. With the exception of IL-8 concentration, which was lower in patients with IPF when compared to controls (<i>p</i> = 0.005), the cytokine levels did not differ between the groups. Despite the use of a high sensitivity assay, IL-8 reached detectable values only in 24% of IPF patients. EBC analysis after six months of treatment with pirfenidone did not reveal any differences in the cytokine levels. The change in EBC vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) correlated with the change in the 6 min walk distance (r = 0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.045). We conclude that a six-month treatment with pirfenidone did not significantly change the EBC cytokine profile. Our findings support the potential usefulness of VEGF-A as a marker in IPF. The low EBC IL-8 level in patients with IPF is a novel finding which needs confirmation in larger studies.
topic antifibrotic treatment
exhaled breath condensate
pulmonary fibrosis
interleukin
vascular endothelial growth factor
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2523
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