Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient

The article presents the results of tests of minor head losses through PVC and PP elbows for a flow of water and mixtures of water and sand with grain sizes of up to 0.5 mm and concentrations of 5.6 g&#183;L<sup>&#8722;1</sup>, 10.84 g&#183;L<sup>&#8722;1</sup>...

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Main Authors: Piotr Wichowski, Tadeusz Siwiec, Marek Kalenik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-04-01
Series:Water
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/4/828
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spelling doaj-1d1b3a0845ae431292c9d0383814591b2020-11-24T21:47:25ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412019-04-0111482810.3390/w11040828w11040828Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss CoefficientPiotr Wichowski0Tadeusz Siwiec1Marek Kalenik2Department of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandThe article presents the results of tests of minor head losses through PVC and PP elbows for a flow of water and mixtures of water and sand with grain sizes of up to 0.5 mm and concentrations of 5.6 g&#183;L<sup>&#8722;1</sup>, 10.84 g&#183;L<sup>&#8722;1</sup>, and 15.73 g&#183;L<sup>&#8722;1</sup>. The tests were carried out at variable flow velocities for three elbow diameters of 63 mm, 75 mm, and 90 mm. The flow rate, pressure difference in the tested cross-sections, and temperature of the fluids were measured and automatically recorded. The results of the measurements were used to develop mathematical models for determining the minor head loss coefficient as a function of elbow diameter, sand concentration in the liquid, and Reynolds number. The mathematical model was developed by cross validation. It was shown that when the concentration of sand in the liquid was increased by 1.0 g∙L<sup>&#8722;1</sup>, the coefficient of minor head loss through the elbows increased, in the Reynolds number range of 4.6 &#215; 10<sup>4</sup>&#8211;2.1 &#215; 10<sup>5</sup>, by 0.3&#8211;0.01% for PP63, 0.6&#8211;0.03% for PP75, 1.1&#8211;0.06% for PP90, 0.8&#8722;0.01% for PVC63, 0.8&#8211;0.02% for PVC75, and 0.9&#8211;0.04% for PVC90. An increase in Re from 5 &#215; 10<sup>4</sup> to 2 &#215; 10<sup>6</sup> for elbows with diameters of 63, 75 and 90 mm caused a 7.3%, 6.8%, and 6.0% decrease in the minor head loss coefficient, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/4/828two-phase flowsand concentrationPVC and PP 90-degree elbowpressure dropminor head lossesmathematical model
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Piotr Wichowski
Tadeusz Siwiec
Marek Kalenik
spellingShingle Piotr Wichowski
Tadeusz Siwiec
Marek Kalenik
Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient
Water
two-phase flow
sand concentration
PVC and PP 90-degree elbow
pressure drop
minor head losses
mathematical model
author_facet Piotr Wichowski
Tadeusz Siwiec
Marek Kalenik
author_sort Piotr Wichowski
title Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient
title_short Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient
title_full Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient
title_fullStr Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient
title_full_unstemmed Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient
title_sort effect of the concentration of sand in a mixture of water and sand flowing through pp and pvc elbows on the minor head loss coefficient
publisher MDPI AG
series Water
issn 2073-4441
publishDate 2019-04-01
description The article presents the results of tests of minor head losses through PVC and PP elbows for a flow of water and mixtures of water and sand with grain sizes of up to 0.5 mm and concentrations of 5.6 g&#183;L<sup>&#8722;1</sup>, 10.84 g&#183;L<sup>&#8722;1</sup>, and 15.73 g&#183;L<sup>&#8722;1</sup>. The tests were carried out at variable flow velocities for three elbow diameters of 63 mm, 75 mm, and 90 mm. The flow rate, pressure difference in the tested cross-sections, and temperature of the fluids were measured and automatically recorded. The results of the measurements were used to develop mathematical models for determining the minor head loss coefficient as a function of elbow diameter, sand concentration in the liquid, and Reynolds number. The mathematical model was developed by cross validation. It was shown that when the concentration of sand in the liquid was increased by 1.0 g∙L<sup>&#8722;1</sup>, the coefficient of minor head loss through the elbows increased, in the Reynolds number range of 4.6 &#215; 10<sup>4</sup>&#8211;2.1 &#215; 10<sup>5</sup>, by 0.3&#8211;0.01% for PP63, 0.6&#8211;0.03% for PP75, 1.1&#8211;0.06% for PP90, 0.8&#8722;0.01% for PVC63, 0.8&#8211;0.02% for PVC75, and 0.9&#8211;0.04% for PVC90. An increase in Re from 5 &#215; 10<sup>4</sup> to 2 &#215; 10<sup>6</sup> for elbows with diameters of 63, 75 and 90 mm caused a 7.3%, 6.8%, and 6.0% decrease in the minor head loss coefficient, respectively.
topic two-phase flow
sand concentration
PVC and PP 90-degree elbow
pressure drop
minor head losses
mathematical model
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/4/828
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