The genetic, morphological, and physiological characterization of a dark larval cuticle mutation in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana.
Studies on insect melanism have greatly contributed to our understanding of natural selection and the ultimate factors influencing the evolution of darkly pigmented phenotypes. Research on several species of melanic lepidopteran larvae have found that low levels of circulating juvenile hormone (JH)...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2010-07-01
|
Series: | PLoS ONE |
Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2904379?pdf=render |
id |
doaj-2518a30c42354b1eada0e7c861b0d867 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-2518a30c42354b1eada0e7c861b0d8672020-11-25T01:14:11ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032010-07-0157e1156310.1371/journal.pone.0011563The genetic, morphological, and physiological characterization of a dark larval cuticle mutation in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana.Ashley BearAriel SimonsErica WestermanAntónia MonteiroStudies on insect melanism have greatly contributed to our understanding of natural selection and the ultimate factors influencing the evolution of darkly pigmented phenotypes. Research on several species of melanic lepidopteran larvae have found that low levels of circulating juvenile hormone (JH) titers are associated with a melanic phenotype, suggesting that genetic changes in the JH biosynthetic pathway give rise to increased deposition of melanin granules in the cuticle in this group. But does melanism arise through different molecular mechanisms in different species? The present study reports on a Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) dark larvae single locus mutation, in which larvae exhibit a darker cuticle relative to wild type. Unlike other lepidopteran melanic larvae mutations, this one is autosomal recessive and does not appear to involve a deficiency in JH titers. Unlike JH deficiency mutants, dark larvae mutants display similar growth rates and sexual behaviors as wild type, and topical application of a JH analogue failed to rescue the wild type cuticular coloration. Finally, transmission electron microscopy showed that sclerotization or deposition of diffuse melanin, rather than deposition of melanin granules, produces the dark coloration found in the cuticle of this species. We conclude that different molecular mechanisms underlie larval melanism in different species of Lepidoptera.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2904379?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ashley Bear Ariel Simons Erica Westerman Antónia Monteiro |
spellingShingle |
Ashley Bear Ariel Simons Erica Westerman Antónia Monteiro The genetic, morphological, and physiological characterization of a dark larval cuticle mutation in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Ashley Bear Ariel Simons Erica Westerman Antónia Monteiro |
author_sort |
Ashley Bear |
title |
The genetic, morphological, and physiological characterization of a dark larval cuticle mutation in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. |
title_short |
The genetic, morphological, and physiological characterization of a dark larval cuticle mutation in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. |
title_full |
The genetic, morphological, and physiological characterization of a dark larval cuticle mutation in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. |
title_fullStr |
The genetic, morphological, and physiological characterization of a dark larval cuticle mutation in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The genetic, morphological, and physiological characterization of a dark larval cuticle mutation in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. |
title_sort |
genetic, morphological, and physiological characterization of a dark larval cuticle mutation in the butterfly, bicyclus anynana. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2010-07-01 |
description |
Studies on insect melanism have greatly contributed to our understanding of natural selection and the ultimate factors influencing the evolution of darkly pigmented phenotypes. Research on several species of melanic lepidopteran larvae have found that low levels of circulating juvenile hormone (JH) titers are associated with a melanic phenotype, suggesting that genetic changes in the JH biosynthetic pathway give rise to increased deposition of melanin granules in the cuticle in this group. But does melanism arise through different molecular mechanisms in different species? The present study reports on a Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) dark larvae single locus mutation, in which larvae exhibit a darker cuticle relative to wild type. Unlike other lepidopteran melanic larvae mutations, this one is autosomal recessive and does not appear to involve a deficiency in JH titers. Unlike JH deficiency mutants, dark larvae mutants display similar growth rates and sexual behaviors as wild type, and topical application of a JH analogue failed to rescue the wild type cuticular coloration. Finally, transmission electron microscopy showed that sclerotization or deposition of diffuse melanin, rather than deposition of melanin granules, produces the dark coloration found in the cuticle of this species. We conclude that different molecular mechanisms underlie larval melanism in different species of Lepidoptera. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2904379?pdf=render |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT ashleybear thegeneticmorphologicalandphysiologicalcharacterizationofadarklarvalcuticlemutationinthebutterflybicyclusanynana AT arielsimons thegeneticmorphologicalandphysiologicalcharacterizationofadarklarvalcuticlemutationinthebutterflybicyclusanynana AT ericawesterman thegeneticmorphologicalandphysiologicalcharacterizationofadarklarvalcuticlemutationinthebutterflybicyclusanynana AT antoniamonteiro thegeneticmorphologicalandphysiologicalcharacterizationofadarklarvalcuticlemutationinthebutterflybicyclusanynana AT ashleybear geneticmorphologicalandphysiologicalcharacterizationofadarklarvalcuticlemutationinthebutterflybicyclusanynana AT arielsimons geneticmorphologicalandphysiologicalcharacterizationofadarklarvalcuticlemutationinthebutterflybicyclusanynana AT ericawesterman geneticmorphologicalandphysiologicalcharacterizationofadarklarvalcuticlemutationinthebutterflybicyclusanynana AT antoniamonteiro geneticmorphologicalandphysiologicalcharacterizationofadarklarvalcuticlemutationinthebutterflybicyclusanynana |
_version_ |
1725158255225733120 |