The yearly financing need of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia
Abstract Background The economic cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia is estimated at US$1.5–9.4 billion annually, the highest in South East Asia. Half of the 33.6 million working women of reproductive age (WRA) in Indonesia (15–49 years) are informal employees, meaning they are working as casual...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2021-02-01
|
Series: | International Breastfeeding Journal |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-021-00363-7 |
id |
doaj-27da9b78c80e40f78a5661a4557321c0 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-27da9b78c80e40f78a5661a4557321c02021-02-21T12:22:15ZengBMCInternational Breastfeeding Journal1746-43582021-02-0116111010.1186/s13006-021-00363-7The yearly financing need of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in IndonesiaAdiatma Y. M. Siregar0Pipit Pitriyan1Donny Hardiawan2Paul Zambrano3Mireya Vilar-Compte4Graciela Ma Teruel Belismelis5Meztli Moncada6David Tamayo7Grace Carroll8Rafael Perez-Escamilla9Roger Mathisen10Center for Economics and Development Studies, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas PadjadjaranCenter for Economics and Development Studies, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas PadjadjaranCenter for Economics and Development Studies, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas PadjadjaranAlive & ThriveResearch Institute for Equitable Development (EQUIDE)Research Institute for Equitable Development (EQUIDE)Research Institute for Equitable Development (EQUIDE)Research Institute for Equitable Development (EQUIDE)Yale School of Public HealthYale School of Public HealthAlive & ThriveAbstract Background The economic cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia is estimated at US$1.5–9.4 billion annually, the highest in South East Asia. Half of the 33.6 million working women of reproductive age (WRA) in Indonesia (15–49 years) are informal employees, meaning they are working as casual workers or they are self-employed (small scale business) and assisted by unpaid/family worker(s). No specific maternity protection entitlements are currently available for WRA working informally in Indonesia. This study aims to estimate the financing need of providing maternity leave cash transfer (MCT) for WRA working in the informal sector in Indonesia. Method The costing methodology used is the adapted version of the World Bank methodology by Vilar-Compte et al, following pre-set steps to estimate costs using national secondary data. We used the 2018 Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey to estimate the number of women working informally who gave birth within the last year. The population covered, potential cash transfer’s unitary cost, the incremental coverage of the policy in terms of time and coverage, and the administrative costs were used to estimate the cost of MCT for the informal sector. Result At 100% coverage for 13 weeks of leave, the yearly financing need of MCT ranged from US$175million (US$152/woman) to US$669million (US$583/woman). The share of the yearly financing need did not exceed 0.5% of Indonesian Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Conclusions The yearly financing need of providing MCT for eligible WRA working in the informal sector is economically attractive as it amounts to less than 0.5% of GDP nominal of Indonesia. While such a program would be perceived as a marked increase from current public health spending at the onset, such an investment could substantially contribute to the success of breastfeeding and substantial corresponding public health savings given that more than half of working Indonesian WRA are employed in the informal sector. Such policies should be further explored while taking into consideration realistic budget constraints and implementation capacity.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-021-00363-7Informal sectorBreastfeedingMaternity protectionMaternity leaveCostingMaternity cash transfer |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Adiatma Y. M. Siregar Pipit Pitriyan Donny Hardiawan Paul Zambrano Mireya Vilar-Compte Graciela Ma Teruel Belismelis Meztli Moncada David Tamayo Grace Carroll Rafael Perez-Escamilla Roger Mathisen |
spellingShingle |
Adiatma Y. M. Siregar Pipit Pitriyan Donny Hardiawan Paul Zambrano Mireya Vilar-Compte Graciela Ma Teruel Belismelis Meztli Moncada David Tamayo Grace Carroll Rafael Perez-Escamilla Roger Mathisen The yearly financing need of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia International Breastfeeding Journal Informal sector Breastfeeding Maternity protection Maternity leave Costing Maternity cash transfer |
author_facet |
Adiatma Y. M. Siregar Pipit Pitriyan Donny Hardiawan Paul Zambrano Mireya Vilar-Compte Graciela Ma Teruel Belismelis Meztli Moncada David Tamayo Grace Carroll Rafael Perez-Escamilla Roger Mathisen |
author_sort |
Adiatma Y. M. Siregar |
title |
The yearly financing need of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia |
title_short |
The yearly financing need of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia |
title_full |
The yearly financing need of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia |
title_fullStr |
The yearly financing need of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia |
title_full_unstemmed |
The yearly financing need of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia |
title_sort |
yearly financing need of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in indonesia |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
International Breastfeeding Journal |
issn |
1746-4358 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The economic cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia is estimated at US$1.5–9.4 billion annually, the highest in South East Asia. Half of the 33.6 million working women of reproductive age (WRA) in Indonesia (15–49 years) are informal employees, meaning they are working as casual workers or they are self-employed (small scale business) and assisted by unpaid/family worker(s). No specific maternity protection entitlements are currently available for WRA working informally in Indonesia. This study aims to estimate the financing need of providing maternity leave cash transfer (MCT) for WRA working in the informal sector in Indonesia. Method The costing methodology used is the adapted version of the World Bank methodology by Vilar-Compte et al, following pre-set steps to estimate costs using national secondary data. We used the 2018 Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey to estimate the number of women working informally who gave birth within the last year. The population covered, potential cash transfer’s unitary cost, the incremental coverage of the policy in terms of time and coverage, and the administrative costs were used to estimate the cost of MCT for the informal sector. Result At 100% coverage for 13 weeks of leave, the yearly financing need of MCT ranged from US$175million (US$152/woman) to US$669million (US$583/woman). The share of the yearly financing need did not exceed 0.5% of Indonesian Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Conclusions The yearly financing need of providing MCT for eligible WRA working in the informal sector is economically attractive as it amounts to less than 0.5% of GDP nominal of Indonesia. While such a program would be perceived as a marked increase from current public health spending at the onset, such an investment could substantially contribute to the success of breastfeeding and substantial corresponding public health savings given that more than half of working Indonesian WRA are employed in the informal sector. Such policies should be further explored while taking into consideration realistic budget constraints and implementation capacity. |
topic |
Informal sector Breastfeeding Maternity protection Maternity leave Costing Maternity cash transfer |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-021-00363-7 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT adiatmaymsiregar theyearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT pipitpitriyan theyearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT donnyhardiawan theyearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT paulzambrano theyearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT mireyavilarcompte theyearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT gracielamateruelbelismelis theyearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT meztlimoncada theyearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT davidtamayo theyearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT gracecarroll theyearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT rafaelperezescamilla theyearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT rogermathisen theyearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT adiatmaymsiregar yearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT pipitpitriyan yearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT donnyhardiawan yearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT paulzambrano yearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT mireyavilarcompte yearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT gracielamateruelbelismelis yearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT meztlimoncada yearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT davidtamayo yearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT gracecarroll yearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT rafaelperezescamilla yearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia AT rogermathisen yearlyfinancingneedofprovidingpaidmaternityleaveintheinformalsectorinindonesia |
_version_ |
1724258119112982528 |