Efficiency of Private Household Sand Filters in Removing Nutrients and Microbes from Wastewater in Finland

Efficiency of Private Household Sand Filters in Removing Nutrients and Microbes from Wastewater in Finland

Sand filters have been shown to be an economic and effective solution for wastewater treatment in private households, although the removal of phosphorus (P) may be insufficient. However, P removal can be improved by adding a P-adsorbing material, such as biotite, into the sand filters. The physico-c...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kati Martikainen, Ari Kauppinen, Ville Matikka, Anna-Maria Veijalainen, Eila Torvinen, Tarja Pitkänen, Ilkka T. Miettinen, Helvi Heinonen-Tanski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2018-07-01
Series:Water
Subjects:
on-site wastewater treatment
wastewater
sand filter
nutrient removal
microbial removal
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/8/1000

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