The surface energy balance of a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia – Part 2: Winter
In this study, we present the winter time surface energy balance at a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia based on independent measurements of the net radiation, the sensible heat flux and the ground heat flux from two winter seasons. The latent heat flux is inferred from measurements of the a...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2011-06-01
|
Series: | The Cryosphere |
Online Access: | http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/509/2011/tc-5-509-2011.pdf |
id |
doaj-30acad8a894c4783bac20d2cd88b51f8 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-30acad8a894c4783bac20d2cd88b51f82020-11-24T21:33:04ZengCopernicus PublicationsThe Cryosphere1994-04161994-04242011-06-015250952410.5194/tc-5-509-2011The surface energy balance of a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia – Part 2: WinterJ. BoikeK. PielS. MusterS. WestermannM. LangerIn this study, we present the winter time surface energy balance at a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia based on independent measurements of the net radiation, the sensible heat flux and the ground heat flux from two winter seasons. The latent heat flux is inferred from measurements of the atmospheric turbulence characteristics and a model approach. The long-wave radiation is found to be the dominant factor in the surface energy balance. The radiative losses are balanced to about 60 % by the ground heat flux and almost 40 % by the sensible heat fluxes, whereas the contribution of the latent heat flux is small. The main controlling factors of the surface energy budget are the snow cover, the cloudiness and the soil temperature gradient. Large spatial differences in the surface energy balance are observed between tundra soils and a small pond. The ground heat flux released at a freezing pond is by a factor of two higher compared to the freezing soil, whereas large differences in net radiation between the pond and soil are only observed at the end of the winter period. Differences in the surface energy balance between the two winter seasons are found to be related to differences in snow depth and cloud cover which strongly affect the temperature evolution and the freeze-up at the investigated pond.http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/509/2011/tc-5-509-2011.pdf |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
J. Boike K. Piel S. Muster S. Westermann M. Langer |
spellingShingle |
J. Boike K. Piel S. Muster S. Westermann M. Langer The surface energy balance of a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia – Part 2: Winter The Cryosphere |
author_facet |
J. Boike K. Piel S. Muster S. Westermann M. Langer |
author_sort |
J. Boike |
title |
The surface energy balance of a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia – Part 2: Winter |
title_short |
The surface energy balance of a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia – Part 2: Winter |
title_full |
The surface energy balance of a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia – Part 2: Winter |
title_fullStr |
The surface energy balance of a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia – Part 2: Winter |
title_full_unstemmed |
The surface energy balance of a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia – Part 2: Winter |
title_sort |
surface energy balance of a polygonal tundra site in northern siberia – part 2: winter |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
The Cryosphere |
issn |
1994-0416 1994-0424 |
publishDate |
2011-06-01 |
description |
In this study, we present the winter time surface energy balance at a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia based on independent measurements of the net radiation, the sensible heat flux and the ground heat flux from two winter seasons. The latent heat flux is inferred from measurements of the atmospheric turbulence characteristics and a model approach. The long-wave radiation is found to be the dominant factor in the surface energy balance. The radiative losses are balanced to about 60 % by the ground heat flux and almost 40 % by the sensible heat fluxes, whereas the contribution of the latent heat flux is small. The main controlling factors of the surface energy budget are the snow cover, the cloudiness and the soil temperature gradient. Large spatial differences in the surface energy balance are observed between tundra soils and a small pond. The ground heat flux released at a freezing pond is by a factor of two higher compared to the freezing soil, whereas large differences in net radiation between the pond and soil are only observed at the end of the winter period. Differences in the surface energy balance between the two winter seasons are found to be related to differences in snow depth and cloud cover which strongly affect the temperature evolution and the freeze-up at the investigated pond. |
url |
http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/509/2011/tc-5-509-2011.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT jboike thesurfaceenergybalanceofapolygonaltundrasiteinnorthernsiberiandashpart2winter AT kpiel thesurfaceenergybalanceofapolygonaltundrasiteinnorthernsiberiandashpart2winter AT smuster thesurfaceenergybalanceofapolygonaltundrasiteinnorthernsiberiandashpart2winter AT swestermann thesurfaceenergybalanceofapolygonaltundrasiteinnorthernsiberiandashpart2winter AT mlanger thesurfaceenergybalanceofapolygonaltundrasiteinnorthernsiberiandashpart2winter AT jboike surfaceenergybalanceofapolygonaltundrasiteinnorthernsiberiandashpart2winter AT kpiel surfaceenergybalanceofapolygonaltundrasiteinnorthernsiberiandashpart2winter AT smuster surfaceenergybalanceofapolygonaltundrasiteinnorthernsiberiandashpart2winter AT swestermann surfaceenergybalanceofapolygonaltundrasiteinnorthernsiberiandashpart2winter AT mlanger surfaceenergybalanceofapolygonaltundrasiteinnorthernsiberiandashpart2winter |
_version_ |
1725955098929004544 |