Use of oral cholera vaccine as a vaccine probe to define the geographical dimensions of person-to-person transmission of cholera
Background: Cholera is known to be transmitted from person to person, and inactivated oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) have been shown to confer herd protection via interruption of this transmission. However, the geographic dimensions of chains of person-to-person transmission of cholera are uncertain....
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2018-01-01
|
Series: | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971217303028 |
id |
doaj-315d6943ebda4292962c9f1c37c353a4 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-315d6943ebda4292962c9f1c37c353a42020-11-24T21:33:00ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97121878-35112018-01-0166C909510.1016/j.ijid.2017.11.020Use of oral cholera vaccine as a vaccine probe to define the geographical dimensions of person-to-person transmission of choleraMohammad Ali0Deok Ryun Kim1Suman Kanungo2Dipika Sur3Byomkesh Manna4Laura Digilio5Shanta Dutta6Florian Marks7Sujit K. Bhattacharya8John Clemens9Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USAInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of KoreaNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, IndiaNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, IndiaNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, IndiaInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of KoreaNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, IndiaInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of KoreaNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, Indiaicddr,b, Dhaka, BangladeshBackground: Cholera is known to be transmitted from person to person, and inactivated oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) have been shown to confer herd protection via interruption of this transmission. However, the geographic dimensions of chains of person-to-person transmission of cholera are uncertain. The ability of OCVs to confer herd protection was used to define these dimensions in two cholera-endemic settings, one in rural Bangladesh and the other in urban India. Methods: Two large randomized, placebo-controlled trials of inactivated OCVs, one in rural Matlab, Bangladesh and the other in urban Kolkata, India, were reanalyzed. Vaccine herd protection was evaluated by relating the risk of cholera in placebo recipients to vaccine coverage of surrounding residents residing within concentric rings. In Matlab, concentric rings in 100-m increments up to 700 m were evaluated; in Kolkata, 50-m increments up to 350 m were evaluated. Results: One hundred and eight cholera cases among 24 667 placebo recipients were detected during 1 year of post-vaccination follow-up at Matlab; 128 cholera cases among 34 968 placebo recipients were detected during 3 years of follow-up in Kolkata. Consistent inverse relationships were observed between vaccine coverage of the ring and the risk of cholera in the central placebo recipient for rings with radii up to 500 m in Matlab and up to 150 m in Kolkata. Conclusions: These results suggest that the dimensions of chains of person-to-person transmission in endemic settings can be quite large and may differ substantially from setting to setting. Using OCVs as ‘probes’ to define these dimensions can inform geographical targeting strategies for the deployment of these vaccines in endemic settings.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971217303028Herd protectionGISCholeraOral cholera vaccineTransmission |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mohammad Ali Deok Ryun Kim Suman Kanungo Dipika Sur Byomkesh Manna Laura Digilio Shanta Dutta Florian Marks Sujit K. Bhattacharya John Clemens |
spellingShingle |
Mohammad Ali Deok Ryun Kim Suman Kanungo Dipika Sur Byomkesh Manna Laura Digilio Shanta Dutta Florian Marks Sujit K. Bhattacharya John Clemens Use of oral cholera vaccine as a vaccine probe to define the geographical dimensions of person-to-person transmission of cholera International Journal of Infectious Diseases Herd protection GIS Cholera Oral cholera vaccine Transmission |
author_facet |
Mohammad Ali Deok Ryun Kim Suman Kanungo Dipika Sur Byomkesh Manna Laura Digilio Shanta Dutta Florian Marks Sujit K. Bhattacharya John Clemens |
author_sort |
Mohammad Ali |
title |
Use of oral cholera vaccine as a vaccine probe to define the geographical dimensions of person-to-person transmission of cholera |
title_short |
Use of oral cholera vaccine as a vaccine probe to define the geographical dimensions of person-to-person transmission of cholera |
title_full |
Use of oral cholera vaccine as a vaccine probe to define the geographical dimensions of person-to-person transmission of cholera |
title_fullStr |
Use of oral cholera vaccine as a vaccine probe to define the geographical dimensions of person-to-person transmission of cholera |
title_full_unstemmed |
Use of oral cholera vaccine as a vaccine probe to define the geographical dimensions of person-to-person transmission of cholera |
title_sort |
use of oral cholera vaccine as a vaccine probe to define the geographical dimensions of person-to-person transmission of cholera |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
issn |
1201-9712 1878-3511 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Background: Cholera is known to be transmitted from person to person, and inactivated oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) have been shown to confer herd protection via interruption of this transmission. However, the geographic dimensions of chains of person-to-person transmission of cholera are uncertain. The ability of OCVs to confer herd protection was used to define these dimensions in two cholera-endemic settings, one in rural Bangladesh and the other in urban India.
Methods: Two large randomized, placebo-controlled trials of inactivated OCVs, one in rural Matlab, Bangladesh and the other in urban Kolkata, India, were reanalyzed. Vaccine herd protection was evaluated by relating the risk of cholera in placebo recipients to vaccine coverage of surrounding residents residing within concentric rings. In Matlab, concentric rings in 100-m increments up to 700 m were evaluated; in Kolkata, 50-m increments up to 350 m were evaluated.
Results: One hundred and eight cholera cases among 24 667 placebo recipients were detected during 1 year of post-vaccination follow-up at Matlab; 128 cholera cases among 34 968 placebo recipients were detected during 3 years of follow-up in Kolkata. Consistent inverse relationships were observed between vaccine coverage of the ring and the risk of cholera in the central placebo recipient for rings with radii up to 500 m in Matlab and up to 150 m in Kolkata.
Conclusions: These results suggest that the dimensions of chains of person-to-person transmission in endemic settings can be quite large and may differ substantially from setting to setting. Using OCVs as ‘probes’ to define these dimensions can inform geographical targeting strategies for the deployment of these vaccines in endemic settings. |
topic |
Herd protection GIS Cholera Oral cholera vaccine Transmission |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971217303028 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT mohammadali useoforalcholeravaccineasavaccineprobetodefinethegeographicaldimensionsofpersontopersontransmissionofcholera AT deokryunkim useoforalcholeravaccineasavaccineprobetodefinethegeographicaldimensionsofpersontopersontransmissionofcholera AT sumankanungo useoforalcholeravaccineasavaccineprobetodefinethegeographicaldimensionsofpersontopersontransmissionofcholera AT dipikasur useoforalcholeravaccineasavaccineprobetodefinethegeographicaldimensionsofpersontopersontransmissionofcholera AT byomkeshmanna useoforalcholeravaccineasavaccineprobetodefinethegeographicaldimensionsofpersontopersontransmissionofcholera AT lauradigilio useoforalcholeravaccineasavaccineprobetodefinethegeographicaldimensionsofpersontopersontransmissionofcholera AT shantadutta useoforalcholeravaccineasavaccineprobetodefinethegeographicaldimensionsofpersontopersontransmissionofcholera AT florianmarks useoforalcholeravaccineasavaccineprobetodefinethegeographicaldimensionsofpersontopersontransmissionofcholera AT sujitkbhattacharya useoforalcholeravaccineasavaccineprobetodefinethegeographicaldimensionsofpersontopersontransmissionofcholera AT johnclemens useoforalcholeravaccineasavaccineprobetodefinethegeographicaldimensionsofpersontopersontransmissionofcholera |
_version_ |
1725955211839668224 |