Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19
Background: Most respiratory viruses show pronounced seasonality, but for SARS-CoV-2, this still needs to be documented.Methods: We examined the disease progression of COVID-19 in 6,914 patients admitted to hospitals in Europe and China. In addition, we evaluated progress of disease symptoms in 37,1...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2020.607786/full |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
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Domagoj Kifer Dario Bugada Judit Villar-Garcia Ivan Gudelj Cristina Menni Carole Sudre Frano Vučković Ivo Ugrina Luca F. Lorini Margarita Posso Silvia Bettinelli Nicola Ughi Alessandro Maloberti Alessandro Maloberti Oscar Epis Cristina Giannattasio Cristina Giannattasio Claudio Rossetti Livije Kalogjera Jasminka Peršec Jasminka Peršec Luke Ollivere Benjamin J. Ollivere Huadong Yan Huadong Yan Ting Cai Guruprasad P. Aithal Claire J. Steves Anu Kantele Mikael Kajova Olli Vapalahti Olli Vapalahti Antti Sajantila Antti Sajantila Rafal Wojtowicz Waldemar Wierzba Zbigniew Krol Artur Zaczynski Katarina Zycinska Katarina Zycinska Marek Postula Ivica Lukšić Rok Čivljak Rok Čivljak Rok Čivljak Alemka Markotić Johannes Brachmann Johannes Brachmann Andreas Markl Christian Mahnkopf Benjamin Murray Sebastien Ourselin Ana M. Valdes Juan P. Horcajada Xavier Castells Julio Pascual Massimo Allegri Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Tim D. Spector Clara Barrios Gordan Lauc Gordan Lauc |
| spellingShingle |
Domagoj Kifer Dario Bugada Judit Villar-Garcia Ivan Gudelj Cristina Menni Carole Sudre Frano Vučković Ivo Ugrina Luca F. Lorini Margarita Posso Silvia Bettinelli Nicola Ughi Alessandro Maloberti Alessandro Maloberti Oscar Epis Cristina Giannattasio Cristina Giannattasio Claudio Rossetti Livije Kalogjera Jasminka Peršec Jasminka Peršec Luke Ollivere Benjamin J. Ollivere Huadong Yan Huadong Yan Ting Cai Guruprasad P. Aithal Claire J. Steves Anu Kantele Mikael Kajova Olli Vapalahti Olli Vapalahti Antti Sajantila Antti Sajantila Rafal Wojtowicz Waldemar Wierzba Zbigniew Krol Artur Zaczynski Katarina Zycinska Katarina Zycinska Marek Postula Ivica Lukšić Rok Čivljak Rok Čivljak Rok Čivljak Alemka Markotić Johannes Brachmann Johannes Brachmann Andreas Markl Christian Mahnkopf Benjamin Murray Sebastien Ourselin Ana M. Valdes Juan P. Horcajada Xavier Castells Julio Pascual Massimo Allegri Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Tim D. Spector Clara Barrios Gordan Lauc Gordan Lauc Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 Frontiers in Medicine COVID-19 seasonality mortality mucins humidity |
| author_facet |
Domagoj Kifer Dario Bugada Judit Villar-Garcia Ivan Gudelj Cristina Menni Carole Sudre Frano Vučković Ivo Ugrina Luca F. Lorini Margarita Posso Silvia Bettinelli Nicola Ughi Alessandro Maloberti Alessandro Maloberti Oscar Epis Cristina Giannattasio Cristina Giannattasio Claudio Rossetti Livije Kalogjera Jasminka Peršec Jasminka Peršec Luke Ollivere Benjamin J. Ollivere Huadong Yan Huadong Yan Ting Cai Guruprasad P. Aithal Claire J. Steves Anu Kantele Mikael Kajova Olli Vapalahti Olli Vapalahti Antti Sajantila Antti Sajantila Rafal Wojtowicz Waldemar Wierzba Zbigniew Krol Artur Zaczynski Katarina Zycinska Katarina Zycinska Marek Postula Ivica Lukšić Rok Čivljak Rok Čivljak Rok Čivljak Alemka Markotić Johannes Brachmann Johannes Brachmann Andreas Markl Christian Mahnkopf Benjamin Murray Sebastien Ourselin Ana M. Valdes Juan P. Horcajada Xavier Castells Julio Pascual Massimo Allegri Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Dragan Primorac Tim D. Spector Clara Barrios Gordan Lauc Gordan Lauc |
| author_sort |
Domagoj Kifer |
| title |
Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 |
| title_short |
Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 |
| title_full |
Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr |
Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 |
| title_sort |
effects of environmental factors on severity and mortality of covid-19 |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| series |
Frontiers in Medicine |
| issn |
2296-858X |
| publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
| description |
Background: Most respiratory viruses show pronounced seasonality, but for SARS-CoV-2, this still needs to be documented.Methods: We examined the disease progression of COVID-19 in 6,914 patients admitted to hospitals in Europe and China. In addition, we evaluated progress of disease symptoms in 37,187 individuals reporting symptoms into the COVID Symptom Study application.Findings: Meta-analysis of the mortality risk in seven European hospitals estimated odds ratios per 1-day increase in the admission date to be 0.981 (0.973–0.988, p < 0.001) and per increase in ambient temperature of 1°C to be 0.854 (0.773–0.944, p = 0.007). Statistically significant decreases of comparable magnitude in median hospital stay, probability of transfer to the intensive care unit, and need for mechanical ventilation were also observed in most, but not all hospitals. The analysis of individually reported symptoms of 37,187 individuals in the UK also showed the decrease in symptom duration and disease severity with time.Interpretation: Severity of COVID-19 in Europe decreased significantly between March and May and the seasonality of COVID-19 is the most likely explanation. |
| topic |
COVID-19 seasonality mortality mucins humidity |
| url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2020.607786/full |
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doaj-3b16d60f11d84462b85d1adcb30c2dbf2021-01-20T06:45:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2021-01-01710.3389/fmed.2020.607786607786Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19Domagoj Kifer0Dario Bugada1Judit Villar-Garcia2Ivan Gudelj3Cristina Menni4Carole Sudre5Frano Vučković6Ivo Ugrina7Luca F. Lorini8Margarita Posso9Silvia Bettinelli10Nicola Ughi11Alessandro Maloberti12Alessandro Maloberti13Oscar Epis14Cristina Giannattasio15Cristina Giannattasio16Claudio Rossetti17Livije Kalogjera18Jasminka Peršec19Jasminka Peršec20Luke Ollivere21Benjamin J. Ollivere22Huadong Yan23Huadong Yan24Ting Cai25Guruprasad P. Aithal26Claire J. Steves27Anu Kantele28Mikael Kajova29Olli Vapalahti30Olli Vapalahti31Antti Sajantila32Antti Sajantila33Rafal Wojtowicz34Waldemar Wierzba35Zbigniew Krol36Artur Zaczynski37Katarina Zycinska38Katarina Zycinska39Marek Postula40Ivica Lukšić41Rok Čivljak42Rok Čivljak43Rok Čivljak44Alemka Markotić45Johannes Brachmann46Johannes Brachmann47Andreas Markl48Christian Mahnkopf49Benjamin Murray50Sebastien Ourselin51Ana M. Valdes52Juan P. Horcajada53Xavier Castells54Julio Pascual55Massimo Allegri56Dragan Primorac57Dragan Primorac58Dragan Primorac59Dragan Primorac60Dragan Primorac61Dragan Primorac62Tim D. Spector63Clara Barrios64Gordan Lauc65Gordan Lauc66Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaEmergency and Intensive Care Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, ItalyHospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, SpainGenos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United KingdomDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United KingdomGenos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Science, University of Split, Split, CroatiaEmergency and Intensive Care Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, ItalyHospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, SpainEmergency and Intensive Care Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, ItalyAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, ItalyAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, ItalySchool of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, ItalyAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, ItalyAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, ItalySchool of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, ItalyAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre “Sestre milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia0Clinical Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia1University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia2National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom2National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom3Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China4Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China3Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China2National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United KingdomDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom5Inflammation Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland5Inflammation Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland6Department of Virology, Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland7Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland8Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland9Forensic Medicine Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland0Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland0Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland0Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland0Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland0Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland1Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland2Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland3University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia4University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Fran Mihaljević”, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia5University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Fran Mihaljević”, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia6Medical School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia4University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Fran Mihaljević”, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia7REGIOMED Kliniken, Coburg, Germany8University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia7REGIOMED Kliniken, Coburg, Germany7REGIOMED Kliniken, Coburg, Germany9School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom9School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom2National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United KingdomHospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, SpainHospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, SpainHospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain0Pain Therapy Service Policlinico of Monza Hospital, Monza, Italy7REGIOMED Kliniken, Coburg, Germany8University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia1St. Catharine Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia2Eberly College of Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States3University of Osijek School of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia4Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Rijeka School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United KingdomHospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, SpainFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaGenos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, CroatiaBackground: Most respiratory viruses show pronounced seasonality, but for SARS-CoV-2, this still needs to be documented.Methods: We examined the disease progression of COVID-19 in 6,914 patients admitted to hospitals in Europe and China. In addition, we evaluated progress of disease symptoms in 37,187 individuals reporting symptoms into the COVID Symptom Study application.Findings: Meta-analysis of the mortality risk in seven European hospitals estimated odds ratios per 1-day increase in the admission date to be 0.981 (0.973–0.988, p < 0.001) and per increase in ambient temperature of 1°C to be 0.854 (0.773–0.944, p = 0.007). Statistically significant decreases of comparable magnitude in median hospital stay, probability of transfer to the intensive care unit, and need for mechanical ventilation were also observed in most, but not all hospitals. The analysis of individually reported symptoms of 37,187 individuals in the UK also showed the decrease in symptom duration and disease severity with time.Interpretation: Severity of COVID-19 in Europe decreased significantly between March and May and the seasonality of COVID-19 is the most likely explanation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2020.607786/fullCOVID-19seasonalitymortalitymucinshumidity |