Estimating Groundwater Recharge in the Semiarid Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, North Iraq
The mean annual recharge of Al-Khazir Gomal Basin was estimated as a basis for decision makers regarding the renewability and sustainability of groundwater. For this purpose, two approaches were used: hydrograph analysis and water table fluctuation (WTF). The long-term mean daily stream-flow records...
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doaj-3d20bb4bee1644df981035b9c66448f42020-11-24T23:47:24ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412014-08-01682467248110.3390/w6082467w6082467Estimating Groundwater Recharge in the Semiarid Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, North IraqHussein Jassas0Broder Merkel1Hydrogeological Institute, Techische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 12, Freiberg 09599, GermanyHydrogeological Institute, Techische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 12, Freiberg 09599, GermanyThe mean annual recharge of Al-Khazir Gomal Basin was estimated as a basis for decision makers regarding the renewability and sustainability of groundwater. For this purpose, two approaches were used: hydrograph analysis and water table fluctuation (WTF). The long-term mean daily stream-flow records of Al-Khazir River (1969–1981) were used to estimate groundwater discharge by base-flow hydrograph separation and displacement recession curve methods. Four base-flow separation methods were used; one is the graphical separation method, and three are automated separation methods included in the web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool. The annual recharge estimated by WTF was 111.6 mm/y, and the average annual recharge estimated by the four base-flow separation methods was 125.8 mm/y. Estimating recharge by the water table fluctuation method does not incorporate spatial variability contained in the whole watershed, because the specific yield did not represent the entire basin. However, the hydrograph analysis method can give a comprehensive estimation of the net integrated recharge for the entire watershed, which includes different recharge mechanisms. The displacement recession curve method deviates a lot (>30 mm/y) from the other methods, which indicates that this method may not be suitable to apply in such large watersheds.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/6/8/2467hydrograph analysissemiarid regionregional groundwater rechargewater table fluctuation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hussein Jassas Broder Merkel |
spellingShingle |
Hussein Jassas Broder Merkel Estimating Groundwater Recharge in the Semiarid Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, North Iraq Water hydrograph analysis semiarid region regional groundwater recharge water table fluctuation |
author_facet |
Hussein Jassas Broder Merkel |
author_sort |
Hussein Jassas |
title |
Estimating Groundwater Recharge in the Semiarid Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, North Iraq |
title_short |
Estimating Groundwater Recharge in the Semiarid Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, North Iraq |
title_full |
Estimating Groundwater Recharge in the Semiarid Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, North Iraq |
title_fullStr |
Estimating Groundwater Recharge in the Semiarid Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, North Iraq |
title_full_unstemmed |
Estimating Groundwater Recharge in the Semiarid Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, North Iraq |
title_sort |
estimating groundwater recharge in the semiarid al-khazir gomal basin, north iraq |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Water |
issn |
2073-4441 |
publishDate |
2014-08-01 |
description |
The mean annual recharge of Al-Khazir Gomal Basin was estimated as a basis for decision makers regarding the renewability and sustainability of groundwater. For this purpose, two approaches were used: hydrograph analysis and water table fluctuation (WTF). The long-term mean daily stream-flow records of Al-Khazir River (1969–1981) were used to estimate groundwater discharge by base-flow hydrograph separation and displacement recession curve methods. Four base-flow separation methods were used; one is the graphical separation method, and three are automated separation methods included in the web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool. The annual recharge estimated by WTF was 111.6 mm/y, and the average annual recharge estimated by the four base-flow separation methods was 125.8 mm/y. Estimating recharge by the water table fluctuation method does not incorporate spatial variability contained in the whole watershed, because the specific yield did not represent the entire basin. However, the hydrograph analysis method can give a comprehensive estimation of the net integrated recharge for the entire watershed, which includes different recharge mechanisms. The displacement recession curve method deviates a lot (>30 mm/y) from the other methods, which indicates that this method may not be suitable to apply in such large watersheds. |
topic |
hydrograph analysis semiarid region regional groundwater recharge water table fluctuation |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/6/8/2467 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT husseinjassas estimatinggroundwaterrechargeinthesemiaridalkhazirgomalbasinnorthiraq AT brodermerkel estimatinggroundwaterrechargeinthesemiaridalkhazirgomalbasinnorthiraq |
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