Multiscale Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease: CLSA Analysis of Genetic and Psychosocial Factors
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a complex disease resulting from multiscale risk factors including genetics, age, and psychosocial factors (PSFs) such as depression and social isolation. However, previous research has lacked in operationalizing multiscale risk factors to determine indivi...
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doaj-422eb38e76324910bc833d81c82bc8552021-03-16T04:44:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2021-03-01810.3389/fcvm.2021.599671599671Multiscale Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease: CLSA Analysis of Genetic and Psychosocial FactorsGabriella Menniti0Catherine Paquet1Catherine Paquet2Hannah Yang Han3Laurette Dube4Daiva E. Nielsen5School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaFaculté des Sciences Administratives, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CanadaAustralian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, AustraliaSchool of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaMcGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, Desautels Faculty of Management, Montreal, QC, CanadaSchool of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaBackground: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a complex disease resulting from multiscale risk factors including genetics, age, and psychosocial factors (PSFs) such as depression and social isolation. However, previous research has lacked in operationalizing multiscale risk factors to determine individual and interactive associations over the life course. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate individual and interactive associations of multiscale risk factors for CVD outcomes including genetics and PSFs at middle and older-aged stages of the life course.Methods: Baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; n = 9,892 with genome-wide genotyping data) was used for this investigation. A 39 single nucleotide polymorphism polygenic risk score (PRS) for CVD was constructed. PSFs consisted of: (1) Depressive symptoms categorized into: “none” (Group 1, reference), “current” (Group 2), “clinical depression with no current symptoms” (Group 3), and “potential, recurrent depression” (Group 4); and (2) Social isolation index as a binary variable comprised of marital status, living arrangements, retirement status, contacts, and social participation. Heart-related disorders (HRD: myocardial infarction, angina and heart disease) was the primary outcome of interest and peripheral/vascular-related disorders (PVRD: stroke, peripheral vascular disease and hypertension) was the secondary outcome. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic factors were conducted stratified by age group (middle-aged: 45–69 years, older-aged: ≥70 years).Results: PRS was associated with HRD among middle- and older-aged participants [OR (95% confidence interval)] [1.06 (1.03–1.08), 1.06 (1.03–1.08), respectively]. Most depressive symptoms groups compared to the reference associated with HRD and PVRD, but only Group 4 associated with PVRD among older-aged [1.69 (1.08–2.64)]. Social isolation was associated with only PVRD among middle-aged [1.84 (1.04–3.26)]; however, socially isolated CLSA participants were underrepresented in the genotyped cohort (1.2%). No significant PRS*PSFs interactions were observed.Conclusions: Genetics and PSFs are independently associated with CVD. Varying observations across age groups underscores the need to advance research on multiscale risk factors operating both at a given point in time and over the life course. Future cohort studies may benefit from use of mobile assessment units to enable better reach to socially isolated participants for collection of biospecimens.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.599671/fullcardiovascular diseasepolygenic risk scoredepression—epidemiologysocial isolationaging |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gabriella Menniti Catherine Paquet Catherine Paquet Hannah Yang Han Laurette Dube Daiva E. Nielsen |
spellingShingle |
Gabriella Menniti Catherine Paquet Catherine Paquet Hannah Yang Han Laurette Dube Daiva E. Nielsen Multiscale Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease: CLSA Analysis of Genetic and Psychosocial Factors Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine cardiovascular disease polygenic risk score depression—epidemiology social isolation aging |
author_facet |
Gabriella Menniti Catherine Paquet Catherine Paquet Hannah Yang Han Laurette Dube Daiva E. Nielsen |
author_sort |
Gabriella Menniti |
title |
Multiscale Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease: CLSA Analysis of Genetic and Psychosocial Factors |
title_short |
Multiscale Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease: CLSA Analysis of Genetic and Psychosocial Factors |
title_full |
Multiscale Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease: CLSA Analysis of Genetic and Psychosocial Factors |
title_fullStr |
Multiscale Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease: CLSA Analysis of Genetic and Psychosocial Factors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multiscale Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease: CLSA Analysis of Genetic and Psychosocial Factors |
title_sort |
multiscale risk factors of cardiovascular disease: clsa analysis of genetic and psychosocial factors |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
issn |
2297-055X |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a complex disease resulting from multiscale risk factors including genetics, age, and psychosocial factors (PSFs) such as depression and social isolation. However, previous research has lacked in operationalizing multiscale risk factors to determine individual and interactive associations over the life course. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate individual and interactive associations of multiscale risk factors for CVD outcomes including genetics and PSFs at middle and older-aged stages of the life course.Methods: Baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; n = 9,892 with genome-wide genotyping data) was used for this investigation. A 39 single nucleotide polymorphism polygenic risk score (PRS) for CVD was constructed. PSFs consisted of: (1) Depressive symptoms categorized into: “none” (Group 1, reference), “current” (Group 2), “clinical depression with no current symptoms” (Group 3), and “potential, recurrent depression” (Group 4); and (2) Social isolation index as a binary variable comprised of marital status, living arrangements, retirement status, contacts, and social participation. Heart-related disorders (HRD: myocardial infarction, angina and heart disease) was the primary outcome of interest and peripheral/vascular-related disorders (PVRD: stroke, peripheral vascular disease and hypertension) was the secondary outcome. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic factors were conducted stratified by age group (middle-aged: 45–69 years, older-aged: ≥70 years).Results: PRS was associated with HRD among middle- and older-aged participants [OR (95% confidence interval)] [1.06 (1.03–1.08), 1.06 (1.03–1.08), respectively]. Most depressive symptoms groups compared to the reference associated with HRD and PVRD, but only Group 4 associated with PVRD among older-aged [1.69 (1.08–2.64)]. Social isolation was associated with only PVRD among middle-aged [1.84 (1.04–3.26)]; however, socially isolated CLSA participants were underrepresented in the genotyped cohort (1.2%). No significant PRS*PSFs interactions were observed.Conclusions: Genetics and PSFs are independently associated with CVD. Varying observations across age groups underscores the need to advance research on multiscale risk factors operating both at a given point in time and over the life course. Future cohort studies may benefit from use of mobile assessment units to enable better reach to socially isolated participants for collection of biospecimens. |
topic |
cardiovascular disease polygenic risk score depression—epidemiology social isolation aging |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.599671/full |
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