Primary characterization of the immune responses in Tibetan pigs infected with Chinese Tibet isolate of Trichinella spiralis
Abstract Background Trichinellosis, caused by Trichinella spiralis, is a serious foodborne parasitic zoonosis. Tibetan pig is an infrequent, endemic plateau pig species, mainly distributed in Tibet Plateau, China. Because of the free-range system, Tibetan pigs are at risk of infection with Trichinel...
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BMC
2021-02-01
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Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02806-z |
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doaj-4c0cae971e4f4fc7b2b6a70c9b658117 |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Li Tingting Li Wenhui Zhang Nianzhang Qu Zigang John A Ohiolei Li Li Yan Hongbin Jia Wanzhong Fu Baoquan |
spellingShingle |
Li Tingting Li Wenhui Zhang Nianzhang Qu Zigang John A Ohiolei Li Li Yan Hongbin Jia Wanzhong Fu Baoquan Primary characterization of the immune responses in Tibetan pigs infected with Chinese Tibet isolate of Trichinella spiralis BMC Veterinary Research Trichinella spiralis Tibetan pigs Antibody Cytokine |
author_facet |
Li Tingting Li Wenhui Zhang Nianzhang Qu Zigang John A Ohiolei Li Li Yan Hongbin Jia Wanzhong Fu Baoquan |
author_sort |
Li Tingting |
title |
Primary characterization of the immune responses in Tibetan pigs infected with Chinese Tibet isolate of Trichinella spiralis |
title_short |
Primary characterization of the immune responses in Tibetan pigs infected with Chinese Tibet isolate of Trichinella spiralis |
title_full |
Primary characterization of the immune responses in Tibetan pigs infected with Chinese Tibet isolate of Trichinella spiralis |
title_fullStr |
Primary characterization of the immune responses in Tibetan pigs infected with Chinese Tibet isolate of Trichinella spiralis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Primary characterization of the immune responses in Tibetan pigs infected with Chinese Tibet isolate of Trichinella spiralis |
title_sort |
primary characterization of the immune responses in tibetan pigs infected with chinese tibet isolate of trichinella spiralis |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Veterinary Research |
issn |
1746-6148 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Trichinellosis, caused by Trichinella spiralis, is a serious foodborne parasitic zoonosis. Tibetan pig is an infrequent, endemic plateau pig species, mainly distributed in Tibet Plateau, China. Because of the free-range system, Tibetan pigs are at risk of infection with Trichinella. The present study aimed to primarily profile the characteristics of T. spiralis infection in Tibetan pigs, including IgG levels, larvae burdens, and cytokines. Results The immune responses to Chinese Tibet T. spiralis isolate infection in Tibetan pigs with different doses were investigated in a tracking duration of 49 days. The muscle larvae per gram (lpg) were evaluated at 105 days post-infection (dpi). The results showed that the mean larval number of T. spiralis in Tibetan pigs increased with infective dose, with average lpg values of 3.5, 50.4 and 115.6 for Tibetan pigs infected with 200, 2,000, and 20,000 muscle larvae (ML) of T. spiralis. The anti-Trichinella IgG increased with inoculum dose and dpi, and peaked at 49 dpi. The kinetics of cytokines in the sera was detected by microarray, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-12, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, Granulocyte-macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. The Th1/Th2 mixed cytokines were detectable in all samples. Interleukin-12 demonstrated the highest concentration compared to other cytokines and peaked at 42 dpi. Almost all cytokines were maintained at a high level at 42 dpi. Additionally, we also report a Trichinella seropositive rate of 43.9 % (18 out of 41) from field samples of Tibetan pigs. Conclusions The present study showed an increased Th1/Th2 mixed cytokines in Tibetan pigs elicited by T. spiralis. The high seroprevalence of Trichinella infection in field samples of Tibetan pigs further raises serious concern for the prevention and control of trichinellosis in this host for public health safety. |
topic |
Trichinella spiralis Tibetan pigs Antibody Cytokine |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02806-z |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT litingting primarycharacterizationoftheimmuneresponsesintibetanpigsinfectedwithchinesetibetisolateoftrichinellaspiralis AT liwenhui primarycharacterizationoftheimmuneresponsesintibetanpigsinfectedwithchinesetibetisolateoftrichinellaspiralis AT zhangnianzhang primarycharacterizationoftheimmuneresponsesintibetanpigsinfectedwithchinesetibetisolateoftrichinellaspiralis AT quzigang primarycharacterizationoftheimmuneresponsesintibetanpigsinfectedwithchinesetibetisolateoftrichinellaspiralis AT johnaohiolei primarycharacterizationoftheimmuneresponsesintibetanpigsinfectedwithchinesetibetisolateoftrichinellaspiralis AT lili primarycharacterizationoftheimmuneresponsesintibetanpigsinfectedwithchinesetibetisolateoftrichinellaspiralis AT yanhongbin primarycharacterizationoftheimmuneresponsesintibetanpigsinfectedwithchinesetibetisolateoftrichinellaspiralis AT jiawanzhong primarycharacterizationoftheimmuneresponsesintibetanpigsinfectedwithchinesetibetisolateoftrichinellaspiralis AT fubaoquan primarycharacterizationoftheimmuneresponsesintibetanpigsinfectedwithchinesetibetisolateoftrichinellaspiralis |
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doaj-4c0cae971e4f4fc7b2b6a70c9b6581172021-03-11T11:41:05ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482021-02-011711710.1186/s12917-021-02806-zPrimary characterization of the immune responses in Tibetan pigs infected with Chinese Tibet isolate of Trichinella spiralisLi Tingting0Li Wenhui1Zhang Nianzhang2Qu Zigang3John A Ohiolei4Li Li5Yan Hongbin6Jia Wanzhong7Fu Baoquan8State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAbstract Background Trichinellosis, caused by Trichinella spiralis, is a serious foodborne parasitic zoonosis. Tibetan pig is an infrequent, endemic plateau pig species, mainly distributed in Tibet Plateau, China. Because of the free-range system, Tibetan pigs are at risk of infection with Trichinella. The present study aimed to primarily profile the characteristics of T. spiralis infection in Tibetan pigs, including IgG levels, larvae burdens, and cytokines. Results The immune responses to Chinese Tibet T. spiralis isolate infection in Tibetan pigs with different doses were investigated in a tracking duration of 49 days. The muscle larvae per gram (lpg) were evaluated at 105 days post-infection (dpi). The results showed that the mean larval number of T. spiralis in Tibetan pigs increased with infective dose, with average lpg values of 3.5, 50.4 and 115.6 for Tibetan pigs infected with 200, 2,000, and 20,000 muscle larvae (ML) of T. spiralis. The anti-Trichinella IgG increased with inoculum dose and dpi, and peaked at 49 dpi. The kinetics of cytokines in the sera was detected by microarray, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-12, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, Granulocyte-macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. The Th1/Th2 mixed cytokines were detectable in all samples. Interleukin-12 demonstrated the highest concentration compared to other cytokines and peaked at 42 dpi. Almost all cytokines were maintained at a high level at 42 dpi. Additionally, we also report a Trichinella seropositive rate of 43.9 % (18 out of 41) from field samples of Tibetan pigs. Conclusions The present study showed an increased Th1/Th2 mixed cytokines in Tibetan pigs elicited by T. spiralis. The high seroprevalence of Trichinella infection in field samples of Tibetan pigs further raises serious concern for the prevention and control of trichinellosis in this host for public health safety.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02806-zTrichinella spiralisTibetan pigsAntibodyCytokine |