Scoping insight on antiviral drugs against COVID-19
Background: COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic produced by SARS-CoV-2. In light of in vitro efficacy, several medications were repurposed for its management. During clinical use, many of these medications produced inconsistent results or had varying limitations. Objective: The purpose of this lit...
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doaj-4da1e3af4d9042bc87d5bbdcb5b9742a2021-09-19T04:55:45ZengElsevierArabian Journal of Chemistry1878-53522021-10-011410103385Scoping insight on antiviral drugs against COVID-19Ahmed S. Ali0Ibrahim M. Ibrahim1Abdulhadi S. Burzangi2Ragia H. Ghoneim3Hanin S. Aljohani4Hamoud A. Alsamhan5Jehan Barakat6Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt; Corresponding author at: Dept of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaPharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaBackground: COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic produced by SARS-CoV-2. In light of in vitro efficacy, several medications were repurposed for its management. During clinical use, many of these medications produced inconsistent results or had varying limitations. Objective: The purpose of this literature review is to explain the variable efficacy or limitations of Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Favipiravir in clinical settings. Method: A study of the literature on the pharmacodynamics (PD), pharmacokinetics (PK), safety profile, and clinical trials through academic databases using relevant search terms. Results & discussion: The efficacy of an antiviral drug against COVID-19 is associated with its ability to achieve therapeutic concentration in the lung and intestinal tissues. This efficacy depends on the PK properties, particularly protein binding, volume of distribution, and half-life. The PK and PD of the model drugs need to be integrated to predict their limitations. Conclusion: Current antiviral drugs have varying pharmacological constraints that may associate with limited efficacy, especially in severe COVID-19 patients, or safety concerns.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535221004007SARS-CoV-2PharmacokineticsPharmacodynamicsRemdesivirLopinavirHydroxychloroquine |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ahmed S. Ali Ibrahim M. Ibrahim Abdulhadi S. Burzangi Ragia H. Ghoneim Hanin S. Aljohani Hamoud A. Alsamhan Jehan Barakat |
spellingShingle |
Ahmed S. Ali Ibrahim M. Ibrahim Abdulhadi S. Burzangi Ragia H. Ghoneim Hanin S. Aljohani Hamoud A. Alsamhan Jehan Barakat Scoping insight on antiviral drugs against COVID-19 Arabian Journal of Chemistry SARS-CoV-2 Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Remdesivir Lopinavir Hydroxychloroquine |
author_facet |
Ahmed S. Ali Ibrahim M. Ibrahim Abdulhadi S. Burzangi Ragia H. Ghoneim Hanin S. Aljohani Hamoud A. Alsamhan Jehan Barakat |
author_sort |
Ahmed S. Ali |
title |
Scoping insight on antiviral drugs against COVID-19 |
title_short |
Scoping insight on antiviral drugs against COVID-19 |
title_full |
Scoping insight on antiviral drugs against COVID-19 |
title_fullStr |
Scoping insight on antiviral drugs against COVID-19 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Scoping insight on antiviral drugs against COVID-19 |
title_sort |
scoping insight on antiviral drugs against covid-19 |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
issn |
1878-5352 |
publishDate |
2021-10-01 |
description |
Background: COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic produced by SARS-CoV-2. In light of in vitro efficacy, several medications were repurposed for its management. During clinical use, many of these medications produced inconsistent results or had varying limitations. Objective: The purpose of this literature review is to explain the variable efficacy or limitations of Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Favipiravir in clinical settings. Method: A study of the literature on the pharmacodynamics (PD), pharmacokinetics (PK), safety profile, and clinical trials through academic databases using relevant search terms. Results & discussion: The efficacy of an antiviral drug against COVID-19 is associated with its ability to achieve therapeutic concentration in the lung and intestinal tissues. This efficacy depends on the PK properties, particularly protein binding, volume of distribution, and half-life. The PK and PD of the model drugs need to be integrated to predict their limitations. Conclusion: Current antiviral drugs have varying pharmacological constraints that may associate with limited efficacy, especially in severe COVID-19 patients, or safety concerns. |
topic |
SARS-CoV-2 Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Remdesivir Lopinavir Hydroxychloroquine |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535221004007 |
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