Incidence and risk factors for tenofovir-associated nephrotoxicity among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Korea

• Main Authors: Jeong Eun Lee, Shinwon Lee, Sang Heon Song, Ihm Soo Kwak, Sun Hee Lee
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: The Korean Association of Internal Medicine 2019-03-01
• Series: The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine
• Subjects: tenofovir; hiv-infected patients; nephrotoxicity; centers for disease control and prevention clinical category c
• Online Access: http://www.kjim.org/upload/pdf/kjim-2016-418.pdf

Background/Aims Little is known about tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-induced nephrotoxicity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Korea. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of TDF-associated nephrotoxicity among HIV-infected patients in Korea. Methods A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted on HIV-infected patients in Korea. We included patients who had started TDF or abacavir (ABC)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) between October 2006 and December 2014. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Renal dysfunction was defined as > 25% decrease of baseline eGFR. A propensity matched case-control study was conducted to compare renal dysfunction rates between the two groups. The risk factors of nephrotoxicity were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 210 HIV-infected patients were included in the study, of which, 108 were TDF-based ART group and 102 were ABC-based ART group. Renal dysfunction occurred in 16 patients (14.8%) in the TDF group and 11 (10.8%) in the ABC group. Incidence of renal dysfunction of TDF and ABC group was 9.66 per 100 person-years (PYs) and 5.14 per 100 PYs, respectively (p = 0.176). In propensity-score-matched analysis, renal dysfunction rates were TDF 13.3% versus ABC 13.3% (p > 0.999). In multivariable analysis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical category C was a significant risk factor for renal dysfunction. Conclusions Approximately, 13% of HIV-infected patients treated with TDF had renal dysfunction. Advanced stage of HIV infection was a significant risk factor for renal dysfunction.