Role of Glutaredoxin-1 and Glutathionylation in Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, and as rates continue to increase, discovering mechanisms and therapeutic targets become increasingly important. An underlying cause of most cardiovascular diseases is believed to be excess reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Glutath...
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doaj-548398e2efe04956a7fdddc4312a8fdd2020-11-25T03:41:47ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-09-01216803680310.3390/ijms21186803Role of Glutaredoxin-1 and Glutathionylation in Cardiovascular DiseasesMannix Burns0Syed Husain Mustafa Rizvi1Yuko Tsukahara2David R. Pimentel3Ivan Luptak4Naomi M. Hamburg5Reiko Matsui6Markus M. Bachschmid7Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St. Boston, MA 02118, USAVascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St. Boston, MA 02118, USAVascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St. Boston, MA 02118, USACardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St. Boston, MA 02118, USACardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St. Boston, MA 02118, USAVascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St. Boston, MA 02118, USAVascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St. Boston, MA 02118, USAVascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St. Boston, MA 02118, USACardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, and as rates continue to increase, discovering mechanisms and therapeutic targets become increasingly important. An underlying cause of most cardiovascular diseases is believed to be excess reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Glutathione, the most abundant cellular antioxidant, plays an important role in the body’s reaction to oxidative stress by forming reversible disulfide bridges with a variety of proteins, termed glutathionylation (GSylation). GSylation can alter the activity, function, and structure of proteins, making it a major regulator of cellular processes. Glutathione-protein mixed disulfide bonds are regulated by glutaredoxins (Glrxs), thioltransferase members of the thioredoxin family. Glrxs reduce GSylated proteins and make them available for another redox signaling cycle. Glrxs and GSylation play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, cardiac hypertrophy, peripheral arterial disease, and atherosclerosis. This review primarily concerns the role of GSylation and Glrxs, particularly glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx), in cardiovascular diseases and the potential of Glrx as therapeutic agents.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6803glutathionylationglutaredoxincardiovascular diseaseredox signaling |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mannix Burns Syed Husain Mustafa Rizvi Yuko Tsukahara David R. Pimentel Ivan Luptak Naomi M. Hamburg Reiko Matsui Markus M. Bachschmid |
spellingShingle |
Mannix Burns Syed Husain Mustafa Rizvi Yuko Tsukahara David R. Pimentel Ivan Luptak Naomi M. Hamburg Reiko Matsui Markus M. Bachschmid Role of Glutaredoxin-1 and Glutathionylation in Cardiovascular Diseases International Journal of Molecular Sciences glutathionylation glutaredoxin cardiovascular disease redox signaling |
author_facet |
Mannix Burns Syed Husain Mustafa Rizvi Yuko Tsukahara David R. Pimentel Ivan Luptak Naomi M. Hamburg Reiko Matsui Markus M. Bachschmid |
author_sort |
Mannix Burns |
title |
Role of Glutaredoxin-1 and Glutathionylation in Cardiovascular Diseases |
title_short |
Role of Glutaredoxin-1 and Glutathionylation in Cardiovascular Diseases |
title_full |
Role of Glutaredoxin-1 and Glutathionylation in Cardiovascular Diseases |
title_fullStr |
Role of Glutaredoxin-1 and Glutathionylation in Cardiovascular Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed |
Role of Glutaredoxin-1 and Glutathionylation in Cardiovascular Diseases |
title_sort |
role of glutaredoxin-1 and glutathionylation in cardiovascular diseases |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, and as rates continue to increase, discovering mechanisms and therapeutic targets become increasingly important. An underlying cause of most cardiovascular diseases is believed to be excess reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Glutathione, the most abundant cellular antioxidant, plays an important role in the body’s reaction to oxidative stress by forming reversible disulfide bridges with a variety of proteins, termed glutathionylation (GSylation). GSylation can alter the activity, function, and structure of proteins, making it a major regulator of cellular processes. Glutathione-protein mixed disulfide bonds are regulated by glutaredoxins (Glrxs), thioltransferase members of the thioredoxin family. Glrxs reduce GSylated proteins and make them available for another redox signaling cycle. Glrxs and GSylation play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, cardiac hypertrophy, peripheral arterial disease, and atherosclerosis. This review primarily concerns the role of GSylation and Glrxs, particularly glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx), in cardiovascular diseases and the potential of Glrx as therapeutic agents. |
topic |
glutathionylation glutaredoxin cardiovascular disease redox signaling |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6803 |
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