Effect of <i>Alliaceae</i> Extract Supplementation on Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Growing-Finishing Pig

• Main Authors: Cristian Jesús Sánchez, Silvia Martínez-Miró, Juan José Ariza, Josefa Madrid, Juan Orengo, María Arántzazu Aguinaga, Alberto Baños, Fuensanta Hernández
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-09-01
• Series: Animals
• Subjects: <i>Allium</i> spp. extract; growing-finishing pigs; growth performances; intestinal microbiota; short-chain fatty acid profile; antioxidant capacity
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1557

The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether an <i>Allium</i> spp. extract rich in organosulfur compounds, such as propyl thiosulfonate (PTSO), added to the feed of growing-finishing pigs at 5 g/kg enhances growth performance or affects the fecal microbiome, the levels of short-chain fatty acids, or the antioxidant capacity of the animals. Fifty male growing pigs (large white) of 23.07 ± 2.87 kg average body weight were randomly allotted to two treatments in a 103-day trial. The trial was divided into two periods, an initial growing phase (56-days) and a finishing phase (47-days). Two dietary treatments for each phase (growing and finishing) were used: a control diet (CON) and an experimental diet consisting of the control diet to which 5 g/kg of <i>Allium</i> spp. extract was added to substitute sepiolite (GAR). Throughout the study, body weight, average daily gain (kg/day, ADG), feed intake (kg/day), and feed conversion ratio (kg/kg) were measured, while the backfat thickness and muscle depth were determined at the end of the study. Besides, feces samples were taken for bacterial counts by means of real-time PCR and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile determination, and the antioxidant capacity was assessed in serum and saliva. In the animals receiving <i>Allium</i> spp. extract (5 g/kg) in the feed, ADG increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) throughout the trial, <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>Clostridium</i> spp. counts in feces had decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) when measured on day 56, and, by day 103, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Clostridium</i> spp., and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> counts had decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. counts had increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in feces. Regarding the SCFA profile in feces and antioxidant capacity measured in serum and saliva, supplementation with <i>Allium</i> spp. extract significantly increased the levels of propionic, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids and the percentage of total branched fatty acids, while the c2/c3 and (c2 + c4)/c3 ratios were lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in feces; the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity levels in serum were significantly higher in the same pigs on day 103 than on day 0. Consequently, based on the current results, <i>Allium</i> spp. extract rich in organosulfur compounds, added to the diet at 5 g/kg, had a beneficial effect on the microbiota and would seem to be a possible alternative for increasing the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. However, further studies on the effects of <i>Allium</i> spp. supplementation on carcass quality are necessary.