Fusing Sentinel-2 Imagery and ALS Point Clouds for Defining LULC Changes on Reclaimed Areas by Afforestation
The study was performed on two former sulphur mines located in Southeast Poland: Jeziórko, where 216.5 ha of afforested area was reclaimed after borehole exploitation and Machów, where 871.7 ha of dump area was reclaimed after open cast strip mining. The areas were characterized by its terrain struc...
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doaj-56e382d77e0545899b08761eeea1faa82020-11-25T00:59:50ZengMDPI AGSustainability2071-10502019-02-01115125110.3390/su11051251su11051251Fusing Sentinel-2 Imagery and ALS Point Clouds for Defining LULC Changes on Reclaimed Areas by AfforestationMarta Szostak0Kacper Knapik1Piotr Wężyk2Justyna Likus-Cieślik3Marcin Pietrzykowski4Department of Forest Management, Geomatics and Forest Economics, Institute of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow 31-425, PolandDepartment of Forest Management, Geomatics and Forest Economics, Institute of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow 31-425, PolandDepartment of Forest Management, Geomatics and Forest Economics, Institute of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow 31-425, PolandDepartment of Forest Ecology and Reclamation, Institute of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow 31-425, PolandDepartment of Forest Ecology and Reclamation, Institute of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow 31-425, PolandThe study was performed on two former sulphur mines located in Southeast Poland: Jeziórko, where 216.5 ha of afforested area was reclaimed after borehole exploitation and Machów, where 871.7 ha of dump area was reclaimed after open cast strip mining. The areas were characterized by its terrain structure and vegetation cover resulting from the reclamation process. The types of reclamation applied in these areas were forestry in Jeziórko and agroforestry in the Machów post-sulphur mine. The study investigates the possibility of applying the most recent Sentinel-2 (ESA) satellite imageries for land cover mapping, with a primary focus on detecting and monitoring afforested areas. Airborne laser scanning point clouds were used to derive precise information about the spatial (3D) characteristics of vegetation: the height (95th percentile), std. dev. of relative height, and canopy cover. The results of the study show an increase in afforested areas in the former sulphur mines. For the entire analyzed area of Jeziórko, forested areas made up 82.0% in the year 2000 (Landsat 7, NASA), 88.8% in 2009 (aerial orthophoto), and 95.5% in 2016 (Sentinel-2, ESA). For Machów, the corresponding results were 46.1% in 2000, 57.3% in 2009, and 60.7% in 2016. A dynamic increase of afforested area was observed, especially in the Jeziórko test site, with the presence of different stages of vegetation growth.https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/5/1251image processingALS point cloudsGIS spatial analysesspatial structure of vegetationLULC changes |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Marta Szostak Kacper Knapik Piotr Wężyk Justyna Likus-Cieślik Marcin Pietrzykowski |
spellingShingle |
Marta Szostak Kacper Knapik Piotr Wężyk Justyna Likus-Cieślik Marcin Pietrzykowski Fusing Sentinel-2 Imagery and ALS Point Clouds for Defining LULC Changes on Reclaimed Areas by Afforestation Sustainability image processing ALS point clouds GIS spatial analyses spatial structure of vegetation LULC changes |
author_facet |
Marta Szostak Kacper Knapik Piotr Wężyk Justyna Likus-Cieślik Marcin Pietrzykowski |
author_sort |
Marta Szostak |
title |
Fusing Sentinel-2 Imagery and ALS Point Clouds for Defining LULC Changes on Reclaimed Areas by Afforestation |
title_short |
Fusing Sentinel-2 Imagery and ALS Point Clouds for Defining LULC Changes on Reclaimed Areas by Afforestation |
title_full |
Fusing Sentinel-2 Imagery and ALS Point Clouds for Defining LULC Changes on Reclaimed Areas by Afforestation |
title_fullStr |
Fusing Sentinel-2 Imagery and ALS Point Clouds for Defining LULC Changes on Reclaimed Areas by Afforestation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fusing Sentinel-2 Imagery and ALS Point Clouds for Defining LULC Changes on Reclaimed Areas by Afforestation |
title_sort |
fusing sentinel-2 imagery and als point clouds for defining lulc changes on reclaimed areas by afforestation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sustainability |
issn |
2071-1050 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
The study was performed on two former sulphur mines located in Southeast Poland: Jeziórko, where 216.5 ha of afforested area was reclaimed after borehole exploitation and Machów, where 871.7 ha of dump area was reclaimed after open cast strip mining. The areas were characterized by its terrain structure and vegetation cover resulting from the reclamation process. The types of reclamation applied in these areas were forestry in Jeziórko and agroforestry in the Machów post-sulphur mine. The study investigates the possibility of applying the most recent Sentinel-2 (ESA) satellite imageries for land cover mapping, with a primary focus on detecting and monitoring afforested areas. Airborne laser scanning point clouds were used to derive precise information about the spatial (3D) characteristics of vegetation: the height (95th percentile), std. dev. of relative height, and canopy cover. The results of the study show an increase in afforested areas in the former sulphur mines. For the entire analyzed area of Jeziórko, forested areas made up 82.0% in the year 2000 (Landsat 7, NASA), 88.8% in 2009 (aerial orthophoto), and 95.5% in 2016 (Sentinel-2, ESA). For Machów, the corresponding results were 46.1% in 2000, 57.3% in 2009, and 60.7% in 2016. A dynamic increase of afforested area was observed, especially in the Jeziórko test site, with the presence of different stages of vegetation growth. |
topic |
image processing ALS point clouds GIS spatial analyses spatial structure of vegetation LULC changes |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/5/1251 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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