The association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015

Abstract Background Malaria causes 400 thousand deaths worldwide annually. In 2018, 25% (187,693) of the total malaria cases in the Americas were in Brazil, with nearly all (99%) Brazilian cases in the Amazon region. The Bolsa Família Programme (BFP) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme la...

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Main Authors: Layana Costa Alves, Mauro Niskier Sanchez, Thomas Hone, Luiz Felipe Pinto, Joilda Silva Nery, Pedro Luiz Tauil, Maurício Lima Barreto, Gerson Oliveira Penna
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2021-06-01
Series:BMC Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11255-0
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spelling doaj-5de324db036342188ce924e6607063822021-07-04T11:16:41ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582021-06-012111910.1186/s12889-021-11255-0The association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015Layana Costa Alves0Mauro Niskier Sanchez1Thomas Hone2Luiz Felipe Pinto3Joilda Silva Nery4Pedro Luiz Tauil5Maurício Lima Barreto6Gerson Oliveira Penna7Fiocruz School of Government, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, EFG/FIOCRUZDepartment of Collective Health, University of Brasília, UNBPublic Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College, Imperial College London, Charing Cross HospitalDepartment of Medicine in Primary Health Care, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJInstitute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, UFBATropical Medicine Centre, University of Brasília, UNBCenter for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health, CIDACS, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZFiocruz School of Government, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, EFG/FIOCRUZAbstract Background Malaria causes 400 thousand deaths worldwide annually. In 2018, 25% (187,693) of the total malaria cases in the Americas were in Brazil, with nearly all (99%) Brazilian cases in the Amazon region. The Bolsa Família Programme (BFP) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme launched in 2003 to reduce poverty and has led to improvements in health outcomes. CCT programmes may reduce the burden of malaria by alleviating poverty and by promoting access to healthcare, however this relationship is underexplored. This study investigated the association between BFP coverage and malaria incidence in Brazil. Methods A longitudinal panel study was conducted of 807 municipalities in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015. Negative binomial regression models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic covariates and time trends were employed with fixed effects specifications. Results A one percentage point increase in municipal BFP coverage was associated with a 0.3% decrease in the incidence of malaria (RR = 0.997; 95% CI = 0.994–0.998). The average municipal BFP coverage increased 24 percentage points over the period 2004–2015 corresponding to be a reduction of 7.2% in the malaria incidence. Conclusions Higher coverage of the BFP was associated with a reduction in the incidence of malaria. CCT programmes should be encouraged in endemic regions for malaria in order to mitigate the impact of disease and poverty itself in these settings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11255-0Conditional cash transferEpidemiologyMalariaPrevention & controlSocial determinants of healthVector borne disease
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Layana Costa Alves
Mauro Niskier Sanchez
Thomas Hone
Luiz Felipe Pinto
Joilda Silva Nery
Pedro Luiz Tauil
Maurício Lima Barreto
Gerson Oliveira Penna
spellingShingle Layana Costa Alves
Mauro Niskier Sanchez
Thomas Hone
Luiz Felipe Pinto
Joilda Silva Nery
Pedro Luiz Tauil
Maurício Lima Barreto
Gerson Oliveira Penna
The association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015
BMC Public Health
Conditional cash transfer
Epidemiology
Malaria
Prevention & control
Social determinants of health
Vector borne disease
author_facet Layana Costa Alves
Mauro Niskier Sanchez
Thomas Hone
Luiz Felipe Pinto
Joilda Silva Nery
Pedro Luiz Tauil
Maurício Lima Barreto
Gerson Oliveira Penna
author_sort Layana Costa Alves
title The association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015
title_short The association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015
title_full The association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015
title_fullStr The association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015
title_full_unstemmed The association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015
title_sort association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the brazilian amazon between 2004 and 2015
publisher BMC
series BMC Public Health
issn 1471-2458
publishDate 2021-06-01
description Abstract Background Malaria causes 400 thousand deaths worldwide annually. In 2018, 25% (187,693) of the total malaria cases in the Americas were in Brazil, with nearly all (99%) Brazilian cases in the Amazon region. The Bolsa Família Programme (BFP) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme launched in 2003 to reduce poverty and has led to improvements in health outcomes. CCT programmes may reduce the burden of malaria by alleviating poverty and by promoting access to healthcare, however this relationship is underexplored. This study investigated the association between BFP coverage and malaria incidence in Brazil. Methods A longitudinal panel study was conducted of 807 municipalities in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015. Negative binomial regression models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic covariates and time trends were employed with fixed effects specifications. Results A one percentage point increase in municipal BFP coverage was associated with a 0.3% decrease in the incidence of malaria (RR = 0.997; 95% CI = 0.994–0.998). The average municipal BFP coverage increased 24 percentage points over the period 2004–2015 corresponding to be a reduction of 7.2% in the malaria incidence. Conclusions Higher coverage of the BFP was associated with a reduction in the incidence of malaria. CCT programmes should be encouraged in endemic regions for malaria in order to mitigate the impact of disease and poverty itself in these settings.
topic Conditional cash transfer
Epidemiology
Malaria
Prevention & control
Social determinants of health
Vector borne disease
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11255-0
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