To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling
Abstract Background The reblooming bearded iris (Iris germanica) can bloom twice a year, in spring and autumn. The extended ornamental period makes it more popular and brings additional commercial values. However, little is known about the reblooming mechanisms, making the breeding programs time-con...
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doaj-65e97b9aab62491687ec1515e4ba8d112020-11-25T03:35:51ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642020-08-0121111810.1186/s12864-020-06951-xTo bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profilingZhuping Fan0Yike Gao1Yi Ren2Chunjing Guan3Rong Liu4Qixiang Zhang5Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityAbstract Background The reblooming bearded iris (Iris germanica) can bloom twice a year, in spring and autumn. The extended ornamental period makes it more popular and brings additional commercial values. However, little is known about the reblooming mechanisms, making the breeding programs time-consuming and labor-wasting. Therefore, a comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on once-bloomers and rebloomers from the same F1 generation on six development stages, and the candidate genes associated with reblooming were identified. Results A total of 100,391 unigenes were generated, the mean length being 785 bp. In the three comparisons (the floral initiation stage of spring flowering in once-bloomers (OB-T1) vs the floral initiation stage of spring flowering in rebloomers (RB-T1); RB-T1 vs the floral initiation stage of autumn flowering in rebloomers (RB-T5); OB-T1 vs RB-T5), a total of 690, 3515 and 2941 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated against the public databases, respectively. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis focused on the photoperiod response, the temperature insensitivity and the growth speed, to remove the redundant DEGs and figure out the candidate key genes. As a result, the following four genes, PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA), GIGANTEA (GI), SHORT VEGETATIVE PERIOD (SVP) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF), were considered to be involved in the second floral initiation of the rebloomers. Conclusion This research provides valuable information for the discovery of the reblooming-related genes. The insights into the molecular mechanisms of reblooming may accelerate the breeding of bearded iris and other perennials.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-020-06951-xIris germanicaRebloomingTranscriptome profilingFloral initiation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zhuping Fan Yike Gao Yi Ren Chunjing Guan Rong Liu Qixiang Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Zhuping Fan Yike Gao Yi Ren Chunjing Guan Rong Liu Qixiang Zhang To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling BMC Genomics Iris germanica Reblooming Transcriptome profiling Floral initiation |
author_facet |
Zhuping Fan Yike Gao Yi Ren Chunjing Guan Rong Liu Qixiang Zhang |
author_sort |
Zhuping Fan |
title |
To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling |
title_short |
To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling |
title_full |
To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling |
title_fullStr |
To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling |
title_full_unstemmed |
To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling |
title_sort |
to bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Genomics |
issn |
1471-2164 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The reblooming bearded iris (Iris germanica) can bloom twice a year, in spring and autumn. The extended ornamental period makes it more popular and brings additional commercial values. However, little is known about the reblooming mechanisms, making the breeding programs time-consuming and labor-wasting. Therefore, a comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on once-bloomers and rebloomers from the same F1 generation on six development stages, and the candidate genes associated with reblooming were identified. Results A total of 100,391 unigenes were generated, the mean length being 785 bp. In the three comparisons (the floral initiation stage of spring flowering in once-bloomers (OB-T1) vs the floral initiation stage of spring flowering in rebloomers (RB-T1); RB-T1 vs the floral initiation stage of autumn flowering in rebloomers (RB-T5); OB-T1 vs RB-T5), a total of 690, 3515 and 2941 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated against the public databases, respectively. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis focused on the photoperiod response, the temperature insensitivity and the growth speed, to remove the redundant DEGs and figure out the candidate key genes. As a result, the following four genes, PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA), GIGANTEA (GI), SHORT VEGETATIVE PERIOD (SVP) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF), were considered to be involved in the second floral initiation of the rebloomers. Conclusion This research provides valuable information for the discovery of the reblooming-related genes. The insights into the molecular mechanisms of reblooming may accelerate the breeding of bearded iris and other perennials. |
topic |
Iris germanica Reblooming Transcriptome profiling Floral initiation |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-020-06951-x |
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