To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling

Abstract Background The reblooming bearded iris (Iris germanica) can bloom twice a year, in spring and autumn. The extended ornamental period makes it more popular and brings additional commercial values. However, little is known about the reblooming mechanisms, making the breeding programs time-con...

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Main Authors: Zhuping Fan, Yike Gao, Yi Ren, Chunjing Guan, Rong Liu, Qixiang Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2020-08-01
Series:BMC Genomics
Subjects:
Online Access:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-020-06951-x
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spelling doaj-65e97b9aab62491687ec1515e4ba8d112020-11-25T03:35:51ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642020-08-0121111810.1186/s12864-020-06951-xTo bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profilingZhuping Fan0Yike Gao1Yi Ren2Chunjing Guan3Rong Liu4Qixiang Zhang5Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityAbstract Background The reblooming bearded iris (Iris germanica) can bloom twice a year, in spring and autumn. The extended ornamental period makes it more popular and brings additional commercial values. However, little is known about the reblooming mechanisms, making the breeding programs time-consuming and labor-wasting. Therefore, a comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on once-bloomers and rebloomers from the same F1 generation on six development stages, and the candidate genes associated with reblooming were identified. Results A total of 100,391 unigenes were generated, the mean length being 785 bp. In the three comparisons (the floral initiation stage of spring flowering in once-bloomers (OB-T1) vs the floral initiation stage of spring flowering in rebloomers (RB-T1); RB-T1 vs the floral initiation stage of autumn flowering in rebloomers (RB-T5); OB-T1 vs RB-T5), a total of 690, 3515 and 2941 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated against the public databases, respectively. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis focused on the photoperiod response, the temperature insensitivity and the growth speed, to remove the redundant DEGs and figure out the candidate key genes. As a result, the following four genes, PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA), GIGANTEA (GI), SHORT VEGETATIVE PERIOD (SVP) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF), were considered to be involved in the second floral initiation of the rebloomers. Conclusion This research provides valuable information for the discovery of the reblooming-related genes. The insights into the molecular mechanisms of reblooming may accelerate the breeding of bearded iris and other perennials.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-020-06951-xIris germanicaRebloomingTranscriptome profilingFloral initiation
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Zhuping Fan
Yike Gao
Yi Ren
Chunjing Guan
Rong Liu
Qixiang Zhang
spellingShingle Zhuping Fan
Yike Gao
Yi Ren
Chunjing Guan
Rong Liu
Qixiang Zhang
To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling
BMC Genomics
Iris germanica
Reblooming
Transcriptome profiling
Floral initiation
author_facet Zhuping Fan
Yike Gao
Yi Ren
Chunjing Guan
Rong Liu
Qixiang Zhang
author_sort Zhuping Fan
title To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling
title_short To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling
title_full To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling
title_fullStr To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling
title_full_unstemmed To bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of Iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling
title_sort to bloom once or more times: the reblooming mechanisms of iris germanica revealed by transcriptome profiling
publisher BMC
series BMC Genomics
issn 1471-2164
publishDate 2020-08-01
description Abstract Background The reblooming bearded iris (Iris germanica) can bloom twice a year, in spring and autumn. The extended ornamental period makes it more popular and brings additional commercial values. However, little is known about the reblooming mechanisms, making the breeding programs time-consuming and labor-wasting. Therefore, a comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on once-bloomers and rebloomers from the same F1 generation on six development stages, and the candidate genes associated with reblooming were identified. Results A total of 100,391 unigenes were generated, the mean length being 785 bp. In the three comparisons (the floral initiation stage of spring flowering in once-bloomers (OB-T1) vs the floral initiation stage of spring flowering in rebloomers (RB-T1); RB-T1 vs the floral initiation stage of autumn flowering in rebloomers (RB-T5); OB-T1 vs RB-T5), a total of 690, 3515 and 2941 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated against the public databases, respectively. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis focused on the photoperiod response, the temperature insensitivity and the growth speed, to remove the redundant DEGs and figure out the candidate key genes. As a result, the following four genes, PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA), GIGANTEA (GI), SHORT VEGETATIVE PERIOD (SVP) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF), were considered to be involved in the second floral initiation of the rebloomers. Conclusion This research provides valuable information for the discovery of the reblooming-related genes. The insights into the molecular mechanisms of reblooming may accelerate the breeding of bearded iris and other perennials.
topic Iris germanica
Reblooming
Transcriptome profiling
Floral initiation
url http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-020-06951-x
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