Associations of Dietary Fat Intake With Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Prospective Study

The impact of fat intake on health has become a growing public concern. The existing evidence linking specific dietary fat intake with mortality is controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between fat intake and total and cause-specific mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and...

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Main Authors: Xiaolin Yao, Xin Xu, Shuo Wang, Dan Xia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.701430/full
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spelling doaj-6804438e300240e59c5a892e634965aa2021-08-09T04:52:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2021-08-01810.3389/fnut.2021.701430701430Associations of Dietary Fat Intake With Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Prospective StudyXiaolin YaoXin XuShuo WangDan XiaThe impact of fat intake on health has become a growing public concern. The existing evidence linking specific dietary fat intake with mortality is controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between fat intake and total and cause-specific mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. Intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), trans-fatty acids (TFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were assessed via food frequency questionnaires. The primary outcomes were total, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression model adjusting for confounders. Overall, 24,141 deaths were recorded over a total 1,672,715 person-years of follow-up. There was a significant positive association between SFA consumption and total mortality (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.13, 95% CI 1.05–1.22; Pfor trend < 0.001). PUFA intake was strongly inversely associated with total mortality (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.79, 95% CI 0.73–0.85; Pfor trend < 0.001) and CVD mortality (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.75; Pfor trend < 0.001). There was a similar, but to a lesser extent, association between MUFA intake and total and CVD mortality [HRQ5 vs. Q1 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84–0.99), Pfor trend = 0.044 and 0.85 (0.73–0.98), Pfor trend = 0.020, respectively]. None of these types of dietary fat were associated with cancer mortality (all Pfor trend > 0.05). In conclusion, this study observed a detrimental effect of SFA intake on total mortality; in contrast, greater consumption of PUFAs and MUFAs were associated with lower risks of all-cause death and CVD mortality.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.701430/fullfatty acidsmortalitycardiovascular diseasecancercohort
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Xiaolin Yao
Xin Xu
Shuo Wang
Dan Xia
spellingShingle Xiaolin Yao
Xin Xu
Shuo Wang
Dan Xia
Associations of Dietary Fat Intake With Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Prospective Study
Frontiers in Nutrition
fatty acids
mortality
cardiovascular disease
cancer
cohort
author_facet Xiaolin Yao
Xin Xu
Shuo Wang
Dan Xia
author_sort Xiaolin Yao
title Associations of Dietary Fat Intake With Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Prospective Study
title_short Associations of Dietary Fat Intake With Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Prospective Study
title_full Associations of Dietary Fat Intake With Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Prospective Study
title_fullStr Associations of Dietary Fat Intake With Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Prospective Study
title_full_unstemmed Associations of Dietary Fat Intake With Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Prospective Study
title_sort associations of dietary fat intake with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a prospective study
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Nutrition
issn 2296-861X
publishDate 2021-08-01
description The impact of fat intake on health has become a growing public concern. The existing evidence linking specific dietary fat intake with mortality is controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between fat intake and total and cause-specific mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. Intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), trans-fatty acids (TFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were assessed via food frequency questionnaires. The primary outcomes were total, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression model adjusting for confounders. Overall, 24,141 deaths were recorded over a total 1,672,715 person-years of follow-up. There was a significant positive association between SFA consumption and total mortality (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.13, 95% CI 1.05–1.22; Pfor trend < 0.001). PUFA intake was strongly inversely associated with total mortality (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.79, 95% CI 0.73–0.85; Pfor trend < 0.001) and CVD mortality (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.75; Pfor trend < 0.001). There was a similar, but to a lesser extent, association between MUFA intake and total and CVD mortality [HRQ5 vs. Q1 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84–0.99), Pfor trend = 0.044 and 0.85 (0.73–0.98), Pfor trend = 0.020, respectively]. None of these types of dietary fat were associated with cancer mortality (all Pfor trend > 0.05). In conclusion, this study observed a detrimental effect of SFA intake on total mortality; in contrast, greater consumption of PUFAs and MUFAs were associated with lower risks of all-cause death and CVD mortality.
topic fatty acids
mortality
cardiovascular disease
cancer
cohort
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.701430/full
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