Quantum Dot Based Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Circulating Cell Free miRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis: From Biology to Clinical Translation
Lung cancer is the most frequently occurring malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death for men in our country. The only recommended screening method is clinic based low-dose computed tomography (also called a low-dose CT scan, or LDCT). However, the effect of LDCT on overall mortality...
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doaj-6b5d272862b1452881ad82658e3202f82020-11-24T22:04:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212018-12-01910.3389/fgene.2018.00616381607Quantum Dot Based Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Circulating Cell Free miRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis: From Biology to Clinical TranslationRadha D. Singh0Ruchita Shandilya1Arpit Bhargava2Rajat Kumar3Rajnarayan Tiwari4Koel Chaudhury5Rupesh K. Srivastava6Irina Y. Goryacheva7Pradyumna K. Mishra8Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, IndiaDepartment of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, IndiaDepartment of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, IndiaDepartment of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, IndiaDepartment of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, IndiaSchool of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, RussiaDepartment of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, IndiaLung cancer is the most frequently occurring malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death for men in our country. The only recommended screening method is clinic based low-dose computed tomography (also called a low-dose CT scan, or LDCT). However, the effect of LDCT on overall mortality observed in lung cancer patients is not statistically significant. Over-diagnosis, excessive cost, risks associated with radiation exposure, false positive results and delay in the commencement of the treatment procedure questions the use of LDCT as a reliable technique for population-based screening. Therefore, identification of minimal-invasive biomarkers able to detect malignancies at an early stage might be useful to reduce the disease burden. Circulating nucleic acids are emerging as important source of information for several chronic pathologies including lung cancer. Of these, circulating cell free miRNAs are reported to be closely associated with the clinical outcome of lung cancer patients. Smaller size, sequence homology between species, low concentration and stability are some of the major challenges involved in characterization and specific detection of miRNAs. To circumvent these problems, synthesis of a quantum dot based nano-biosensor might assist in sensitive, specific and cost-effective detection of differentially regulated miRNAs. The wide excitation and narrow emission spectra of these nanoparticles result in excellent fluorescent quantum yields with a broader color spectrum which make them ideal bio-entities for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based detection for sequential or simultaneous study of multiple targets. In addition, photo-resistance and higher stability of these nanoparticles allows extensive exposure and offer state-of-the art sensitivity for miRNA targeting. A major obstacle for integrating QDs into clinical application is the QD-associated toxicity. However, the use of non-toxic shells along with surface modification not only overcomes the toxicity issues, but also increases the ability of QDs to quickly detect circulating cell free miRNAs in a non-invasive mode. The present review illustrates the importance of circulating miRNAs in lung cancer diagnosis and highlights the translational prospects of developing QD-based nano-biosensor for rapid early disease detection.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00616/fulllung cancercirculating nucleic acidsenvironmental healthtranslational medicinenanobiosensorcirculating miRNAs |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Radha D. Singh Ruchita Shandilya Arpit Bhargava Rajat Kumar Rajnarayan Tiwari Koel Chaudhury Rupesh K. Srivastava Irina Y. Goryacheva Pradyumna K. Mishra |
spellingShingle |
Radha D. Singh Ruchita Shandilya Arpit Bhargava Rajat Kumar Rajnarayan Tiwari Koel Chaudhury Rupesh K. Srivastava Irina Y. Goryacheva Pradyumna K. Mishra Quantum Dot Based Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Circulating Cell Free miRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis: From Biology to Clinical Translation Frontiers in Genetics lung cancer circulating nucleic acids environmental health translational medicine nanobiosensor circulating miRNAs |
author_facet |
Radha D. Singh Ruchita Shandilya Arpit Bhargava Rajat Kumar Rajnarayan Tiwari Koel Chaudhury Rupesh K. Srivastava Irina Y. Goryacheva Pradyumna K. Mishra |
author_sort |
Radha D. Singh |
title |
Quantum Dot Based Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Circulating Cell Free miRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis: From Biology to Clinical Translation |
title_short |
Quantum Dot Based Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Circulating Cell Free miRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis: From Biology to Clinical Translation |
title_full |
Quantum Dot Based Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Circulating Cell Free miRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis: From Biology to Clinical Translation |
title_fullStr |
Quantum Dot Based Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Circulating Cell Free miRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis: From Biology to Clinical Translation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Quantum Dot Based Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Circulating Cell Free miRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis: From Biology to Clinical Translation |
title_sort |
quantum dot based nano-biosensors for detection of circulating cell free mirnas in lung carcinogenesis: from biology to clinical translation |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Genetics |
issn |
1664-8021 |
publishDate |
2018-12-01 |
description |
Lung cancer is the most frequently occurring malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death for men in our country. The only recommended screening method is clinic based low-dose computed tomography (also called a low-dose CT scan, or LDCT). However, the effect of LDCT on overall mortality observed in lung cancer patients is not statistically significant. Over-diagnosis, excessive cost, risks associated with radiation exposure, false positive results and delay in the commencement of the treatment procedure questions the use of LDCT as a reliable technique for population-based screening. Therefore, identification of minimal-invasive biomarkers able to detect malignancies at an early stage might be useful to reduce the disease burden. Circulating nucleic acids are emerging as important source of information for several chronic pathologies including lung cancer. Of these, circulating cell free miRNAs are reported to be closely associated with the clinical outcome of lung cancer patients. Smaller size, sequence homology between species, low concentration and stability are some of the major challenges involved in characterization and specific detection of miRNAs. To circumvent these problems, synthesis of a quantum dot based nano-biosensor might assist in sensitive, specific and cost-effective detection of differentially regulated miRNAs. The wide excitation and narrow emission spectra of these nanoparticles result in excellent fluorescent quantum yields with a broader color spectrum which make them ideal bio-entities for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based detection for sequential or simultaneous study of multiple targets. In addition, photo-resistance and higher stability of these nanoparticles allows extensive exposure and offer state-of-the art sensitivity for miRNA targeting. A major obstacle for integrating QDs into clinical application is the QD-associated toxicity. However, the use of non-toxic shells along with surface modification not only overcomes the toxicity issues, but also increases the ability of QDs to quickly detect circulating cell free miRNAs in a non-invasive mode. The present review illustrates the importance of circulating miRNAs in lung cancer diagnosis and highlights the translational prospects of developing QD-based nano-biosensor for rapid early disease detection. |
topic |
lung cancer circulating nucleic acids environmental health translational medicine nanobiosensor circulating miRNAs |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00616/full |
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