Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria

Abstract Background To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. Methods This study was a subset of a larger cross-sectional study the data of which was generated through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeri...

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Main Authors: Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Olujide Arije, Maha El Tantawi, Kikelomo Adebanke Kolawole, Mary Obiyan, Olaniyi Arowolo, Elizabeth O. Oziegbe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2019-11-01
Series:BMC Pediatrics
Subjects:
Online Access:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12887-019-1810-2
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spelling doaj-6bac02f3e7b74d34a30ec3f494428c142020-11-25T04:09:15ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312019-11-011911810.1186/s12887-019-1810-2Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in NigeriaMorenike Oluwatoyin Folayan0Olujide Arije1Maha El Tantawi2Kikelomo Adebanke Kolawole3Mary Obiyan4Olaniyi Arowolo5Elizabeth O. Oziegbe6Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo UniversityInstitute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo UniversityDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDepartment of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo UniversityDepartment of Demography and Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo UniversityDepartment of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals’ ComplexDepartment of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo UniversityAbstract Background To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. Methods This study was a subset of a larger cross-sectional study the data of which was generated through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study’s explanatory variable was malnutrition (underweight, overweight, wasting and stunting) and the outcome variable was ECC. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study were adjusted for to obtain the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). Results Of the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.69; p = 0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83–25.85; p < 0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0–0; p < 0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female. Conclusions For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC. The frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator when malnutrition was included as an explanatory variable for ECC in the study population.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12887-019-1810-2MalnutritionEarly childhood cariesChildrenNigeria
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
Olujide Arije
Maha El Tantawi
Kikelomo Adebanke Kolawole
Mary Obiyan
Olaniyi Arowolo
Elizabeth O. Oziegbe
spellingShingle Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
Olujide Arije
Maha El Tantawi
Kikelomo Adebanke Kolawole
Mary Obiyan
Olaniyi Arowolo
Elizabeth O. Oziegbe
Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria
BMC Pediatrics
Malnutrition
Early childhood caries
Children
Nigeria
author_facet Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
Olujide Arije
Maha El Tantawi
Kikelomo Adebanke Kolawole
Mary Obiyan
Olaniyi Arowolo
Elizabeth O. Oziegbe
author_sort Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
title Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria
title_short Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria
title_full Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria
title_fullStr Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria
title_sort association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in nigeria
publisher BMC
series BMC Pediatrics
issn 1471-2431
publishDate 2019-11-01
description Abstract Background To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. Methods This study was a subset of a larger cross-sectional study the data of which was generated through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study’s explanatory variable was malnutrition (underweight, overweight, wasting and stunting) and the outcome variable was ECC. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study were adjusted for to obtain the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). Results Of the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.69; p = 0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83–25.85; p < 0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0–0; p < 0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female. Conclusions For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC. The frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator when malnutrition was included as an explanatory variable for ECC in the study population.
topic Malnutrition
Early childhood caries
Children
Nigeria
url http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12887-019-1810-2
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