Gene Flow Patterns Among <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka, dengue is the most serious arboviral disease. Recent increases in dengue cases suggest a higher infection rate and spread of the disease to new areas. The present study explores gene flow patterns of <i>Ae. aegypti</i>, the main vector of dengue disease, among 10 collection...
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doaj-6d1dece4b3164a4d97eb68361099f1142020-11-24T21:51:50ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-03-0111316910.3390/insects11030169insects11030169Gene Flow Patterns Among <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Sri LankaH.S.D. Fernando0Menaka Hapugoda1Rushika Perera2William C. Black IV3B.G.D.N.K. De Silva4Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri LankaMolecular Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11010, Sri LankaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USACenter for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri LankaIn Sri Lanka, dengue is the most serious arboviral disease. Recent increases in dengue cases suggest a higher infection rate and spread of the disease to new areas. The present study explores gene flow patterns of <i>Ae. aegypti</i>, the main vector of dengue disease, among 10 collection sites including major ports and inland cities using variations at 11 microsatellite loci. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and <i>k</i>-means clustering estimated eight genetic clusters. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) estimated equal variances among cities and among collections in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Significant evidence, although weak, was detected for isolation by distance. Analysis of gene flow rates and directions using MIGRATE-n indicated that populations throughout the island served as a source of immigrants for Colombo with abundant gene flow among major commercial cities in Sri Lanka, which appear to receive migrant mosquitoes from throughout Sri Lanka. The observed patterns probably arise through human movement of <i>Ae. aegypti </i>during commerce from throughout Sri Lanka into Colombo increasing the risk of spread. The patterns uncovered in this study are significant for global health as Sri Lanka is situated along a key international shipping route.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/3/169<i>aedes aegypti</i>population structuregene flow patternssri lanka |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
H.S.D. Fernando Menaka Hapugoda Rushika Perera William C. Black IV B.G.D.N.K. De Silva |
spellingShingle |
H.S.D. Fernando Menaka Hapugoda Rushika Perera William C. Black IV B.G.D.N.K. De Silva Gene Flow Patterns Among <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Sri Lanka Insects <i>aedes aegypti</i> population structure gene flow patterns sri lanka |
author_facet |
H.S.D. Fernando Menaka Hapugoda Rushika Perera William C. Black IV B.G.D.N.K. De Silva |
author_sort |
H.S.D. Fernando |
title |
Gene Flow Patterns Among <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Sri Lanka |
title_short |
Gene Flow Patterns Among <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Sri Lanka |
title_full |
Gene Flow Patterns Among <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Sri Lanka |
title_fullStr |
Gene Flow Patterns Among <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Sri Lanka |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gene Flow Patterns Among <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Sri Lanka |
title_sort |
gene flow patterns among <i>aedes aegypti</i> (diptera: culicidae) populations in sri lanka |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Insects |
issn |
2075-4450 |
publishDate |
2020-03-01 |
description |
In Sri Lanka, dengue is the most serious arboviral disease. Recent increases in dengue cases suggest a higher infection rate and spread of the disease to new areas. The present study explores gene flow patterns of <i>Ae. aegypti</i>, the main vector of dengue disease, among 10 collection sites including major ports and inland cities using variations at 11 microsatellite loci. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and <i>k</i>-means clustering estimated eight genetic clusters. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) estimated equal variances among cities and among collections in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Significant evidence, although weak, was detected for isolation by distance. Analysis of gene flow rates and directions using MIGRATE-n indicated that populations throughout the island served as a source of immigrants for Colombo with abundant gene flow among major commercial cities in Sri Lanka, which appear to receive migrant mosquitoes from throughout Sri Lanka. The observed patterns probably arise through human movement of <i>Ae. aegypti </i>during commerce from throughout Sri Lanka into Colombo increasing the risk of spread. The patterns uncovered in this study are significant for global health as Sri Lanka is situated along a key international shipping route. |
topic |
<i>aedes aegypti</i> population structure gene flow patterns sri lanka |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/3/169 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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