“I Want It All, and I Want It Now”: Lifetime Prevalence and Reasons for Using and Abstaining from Controlled Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAES) among Young Exercisers and Amateur Athletes in Five European Countries

Doping use in recreational sports is an emerging issue that has received limited attention so far in the psychological literature. The present study assessed the lifetime prevalence of controlled performance and appearance enhancing substances (PAES), and used behavioral reasoning theory to identify...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lambros Lazuras, Vassilis Barkoukis, Andreas Loukovitis, Ralf Brand, Andy Hudson, Luca Mallia, Michalis Michaelides, Milena Muzi, Andrea Petróczi, Arnaldo Zelli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00717/full