Bionanocarbon Functional Material Characterisation and Enhancement Properties in Nonwoven Kenaf Fibre Nanocomposites
Bionanocarbon as a properties enhancement material in fibre reinforced nanobiocomposite was investigated for sustainable material applications. Currently, an extensive study using the micro size of biocarbon as filler or reinforcement materials has been done. However, poor fibre-matrix interface res...
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doaj-7aa2690437424a50be728a8a550c51472021-07-23T14:02:31ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-07-01132303230310.3390/polym13142303Bionanocarbon Functional Material Characterisation and Enhancement Properties in Nonwoven Kenaf Fibre NanocompositesSamsul Rizal0E. M. Mistar1A. A. Rahman2Abdul Khalil H.P.S.3A. A. Oyekanmi4N. G. Olaiya5C. K. Abdullah6Tata Alfatah7Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaDepartment of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure PMB 704, NigeriaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaBionanocarbon as a properties enhancement material in fibre reinforced nanobiocomposite was investigated for sustainable material applications. Currently, an extensive study using the micro size of biocarbon as filler or reinforcement materials has been done. However, poor fibre-matrix interface results in poor mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of the composite. Hence in this study, the nanoparticle of biocarbon was synthesised and applied as a functional material and properties enhancement in composite material. The bionanocarbon was prepared from an oil palm shell, an agriculture waste precursor, via a single-step activation technique. The nanocarbon filler loading was varied from 0, 1, 3, and 5% as nanoparticle properties enhancement in nonwoven kenaf fibre reinforcement in vinyl ester composite using resin transfer moulding technique. The functional properties were evaluated using TEM, particle size, zeta potential, and energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) elemental analysis. While the composite properties enhancement was evaluated using physical, mechanical, morphological, thermal, and wettability properties. The result indicated excellent nanofiller enhancement of fibre-matrix bonding that significantly improved the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the bionanocomposite. The SEM morphology study confirmed the uniform dispersion of the nanoparticle enhanced the fibre-matrix interaction. In this present work, the functional properties of bionanocarbon from oil palm shells (oil palm industrial waste) was incorporated in nanaobiocomposite, which significantly enhance its properties. The optimum enhancement of the bionanocomposite functional properties was obtained at 3% bionanocarbon loading. The improvement can be attributed to homogeneity and improved interfacial interaction between nanoparticles, kenaf fibre, and matrix.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/14/2303bionanocarbonnanocompositeX-ray density profileactivated carboncharacterisationoil palm shell |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Samsul Rizal E. M. Mistar A. A. Rahman Abdul Khalil H.P.S. A. A. Oyekanmi N. G. Olaiya C. K. Abdullah Tata Alfatah |
spellingShingle |
Samsul Rizal E. M. Mistar A. A. Rahman Abdul Khalil H.P.S. A. A. Oyekanmi N. G. Olaiya C. K. Abdullah Tata Alfatah Bionanocarbon Functional Material Characterisation and Enhancement Properties in Nonwoven Kenaf Fibre Nanocomposites Polymers bionanocarbon nanocomposite X-ray density profile activated carbon characterisation oil palm shell |
author_facet |
Samsul Rizal E. M. Mistar A. A. Rahman Abdul Khalil H.P.S. A. A. Oyekanmi N. G. Olaiya C. K. Abdullah Tata Alfatah |
author_sort |
Samsul Rizal |
title |
Bionanocarbon Functional Material Characterisation and Enhancement Properties in Nonwoven Kenaf Fibre Nanocomposites |
title_short |
Bionanocarbon Functional Material Characterisation and Enhancement Properties in Nonwoven Kenaf Fibre Nanocomposites |
title_full |
Bionanocarbon Functional Material Characterisation and Enhancement Properties in Nonwoven Kenaf Fibre Nanocomposites |
title_fullStr |
Bionanocarbon Functional Material Characterisation and Enhancement Properties in Nonwoven Kenaf Fibre Nanocomposites |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bionanocarbon Functional Material Characterisation and Enhancement Properties in Nonwoven Kenaf Fibre Nanocomposites |
title_sort |
bionanocarbon functional material characterisation and enhancement properties in nonwoven kenaf fibre nanocomposites |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Bionanocarbon as a properties enhancement material in fibre reinforced nanobiocomposite was investigated for sustainable material applications. Currently, an extensive study using the micro size of biocarbon as filler or reinforcement materials has been done. However, poor fibre-matrix interface results in poor mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of the composite. Hence in this study, the nanoparticle of biocarbon was synthesised and applied as a functional material and properties enhancement in composite material. The bionanocarbon was prepared from an oil palm shell, an agriculture waste precursor, via a single-step activation technique. The nanocarbon filler loading was varied from 0, 1, 3, and 5% as nanoparticle properties enhancement in nonwoven kenaf fibre reinforcement in vinyl ester composite using resin transfer moulding technique. The functional properties were evaluated using TEM, particle size, zeta potential, and energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) elemental analysis. While the composite properties enhancement was evaluated using physical, mechanical, morphological, thermal, and wettability properties. The result indicated excellent nanofiller enhancement of fibre-matrix bonding that significantly improved the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the bionanocomposite. The SEM morphology study confirmed the uniform dispersion of the nanoparticle enhanced the fibre-matrix interaction. In this present work, the functional properties of bionanocarbon from oil palm shells (oil palm industrial waste) was incorporated in nanaobiocomposite, which significantly enhance its properties. The optimum enhancement of the bionanocomposite functional properties was obtained at 3% bionanocarbon loading. The improvement can be attributed to homogeneity and improved interfacial interaction between nanoparticles, kenaf fibre, and matrix. |
topic |
bionanocarbon nanocomposite X-ray density profile activated carbon characterisation oil palm shell |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/14/2303 |
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