Toxicity of Graphene Shells, Graphene Oxide, and Graphene Oxide Paper Evaluated with Escherichia coli Biotests
The plate-like graphene shells (GS) produced by an original methane pyrolysis method and their derivatives graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide paper (GO-P) were evaluated with luminescent Escherichia coli biotests and additional bacterial-based assays which together revealed the graphene-family n...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/869361 |
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doaj-7e83868380424a94aa9588f579802e6d2020-11-24T22:34:55ZengHindawi LimitedBioMed Research International2314-61332314-61412015-01-01201510.1155/2015/869361869361Toxicity of Graphene Shells, Graphene Oxide, and Graphene Oxide Paper Evaluated with Escherichia coli BiotestsLudmila V. Efremova0Alexey S. Vasilchenko1Eduard G. Rakov2Dmitry G. Deryabin3Department of Microbiology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue 13, Orenburg 460018, RussiaDepartment of Microbiology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue 13, Orenburg 460018, RussiaD. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Square 9, Moscow 125047, RussiaDepartment of Microbiology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue 13, Orenburg 460018, RussiaThe plate-like graphene shells (GS) produced by an original methane pyrolysis method and their derivatives graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide paper (GO-P) were evaluated with luminescent Escherichia coli biotests and additional bacterial-based assays which together revealed the graphene-family nanomaterials’ toxicity and bioactivity mechanisms. Bioluminescence inhibition assay, fluorescent two-component staining to evaluate cell membrane permeability, and atomic force microscopy data showed GO expressed bioactivity in aqueous suspension, whereas GS suspensions and the GO-P surface were assessed as nontoxic materials. The mechanism of toxicity of GO was shown not to be associated with oxidative stress in the targeted soxS::lux and katG::lux reporter cells; also, GO did not lead to significant mechanical disruption of treated bacteria with the release of intracellular DNA contents into the environment. The well-coordinated time- and dose-dependent surface charge neutralization and transport and energetic disorders in the Escherichia coli cells suggest direct membrane interaction, internalization, and perturbation (i.e., “membrane stress”) as a clue to graphene oxide’s mechanism of toxicity.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/869361 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ludmila V. Efremova Alexey S. Vasilchenko Eduard G. Rakov Dmitry G. Deryabin |
spellingShingle |
Ludmila V. Efremova Alexey S. Vasilchenko Eduard G. Rakov Dmitry G. Deryabin Toxicity of Graphene Shells, Graphene Oxide, and Graphene Oxide Paper Evaluated with Escherichia coli Biotests BioMed Research International |
author_facet |
Ludmila V. Efremova Alexey S. Vasilchenko Eduard G. Rakov Dmitry G. Deryabin |
author_sort |
Ludmila V. Efremova |
title |
Toxicity of Graphene Shells, Graphene Oxide, and Graphene Oxide Paper Evaluated with Escherichia coli Biotests |
title_short |
Toxicity of Graphene Shells, Graphene Oxide, and Graphene Oxide Paper Evaluated with Escherichia coli Biotests |
title_full |
Toxicity of Graphene Shells, Graphene Oxide, and Graphene Oxide Paper Evaluated with Escherichia coli Biotests |
title_fullStr |
Toxicity of Graphene Shells, Graphene Oxide, and Graphene Oxide Paper Evaluated with Escherichia coli Biotests |
title_full_unstemmed |
Toxicity of Graphene Shells, Graphene Oxide, and Graphene Oxide Paper Evaluated with Escherichia coli Biotests |
title_sort |
toxicity of graphene shells, graphene oxide, and graphene oxide paper evaluated with escherichia coli biotests |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
BioMed Research International |
issn |
2314-6133 2314-6141 |
publishDate |
2015-01-01 |
description |
The plate-like graphene shells (GS) produced by an original methane pyrolysis method and their derivatives graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide paper (GO-P) were evaluated with luminescent Escherichia coli biotests and additional bacterial-based assays which together revealed the graphene-family nanomaterials’ toxicity and bioactivity mechanisms. Bioluminescence inhibition assay, fluorescent two-component staining to evaluate cell membrane permeability, and atomic force microscopy data showed GO expressed bioactivity in aqueous suspension, whereas GS suspensions and the GO-P surface were assessed as nontoxic materials. The mechanism of toxicity of GO was shown not to be associated with oxidative stress in the targeted soxS::lux and katG::lux reporter cells; also, GO did not lead to significant mechanical disruption of treated bacteria with the release of intracellular DNA contents into the environment. The well-coordinated time- and dose-dependent surface charge neutralization and transport and energetic disorders in the Escherichia coli cells suggest direct membrane interaction, internalization, and perturbation (i.e., “membrane stress”) as a clue to graphene oxide’s mechanism of toxicity. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/869361 |
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