Separation and Purification of ω-6 Linoleic Acid from Crude Tall Oil
Crude tall oil (CTO) is the third largest by-product at kraft pulp and paper mills. Due the large presence of value-added fatty and resin acids, CTO has a huge valorization potential as a biobased, readily available, non-food, and low-cost biorefinery feedstock. The objective of this work was to pre...
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doaj-891edb7956374f3186f7ed54379bdb152020-11-25T01:12:28ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392020-02-0171910.3390/separations7010009separations7010009Separation and Purification of ω-6 Linoleic Acid from Crude Tall OilMd Shariful Islam0Lew P. Christopher1Md Nur Alam2Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, 1294 Balmoral Street, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5Z5, CanadaBiorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, 1294 Balmoral Street, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5Z5, CanadaBiorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, 1294 Balmoral Street, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5Z5, CanadaCrude tall oil (CTO) is the third largest by-product at kraft pulp and paper mills. Due the large presence of value-added fatty and resin acids, CTO has a huge valorization potential as a biobased, readily available, non-food, and low-cost biorefinery feedstock. The objective of this work was to present a method for the isolation of high-value linoleic acid (LA), an omega (ω)-6 essential fatty acid, from CTO using a combination of pretreatment, fractionation, and purification techniques. Following the distillation of CTO to separate the tall oil fatty acids (TOFAs) from CTO, LA was isolated and purified from TOFAs by urea complexation (UC) and low-temperature crystallization (LTC) in the temperature range between −7 and −15 °C. The crystallization yield of LA from CTO in that range was 7.8 w/w at 95.2% purity, with 3.8% w/w of ω-6 γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and 1.0% w/w of ω-3 α-linolenic (ALA) present as contaminants. This is the first report on the isolation of LA from CTO. The approach presented here can be applied to recover other valuable fatty acids. Furthermore, once the targeted fatty acid(s) are isolated, the rest of the TOFAs can be utilized for the production of biodiesel, biobased surfactants, or other valuable bioproducts.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/7/1/9crude tall oilessential fatty acidslinoleic acidγ-linolenic acidα-linolenic aciddistillationurea complexationlow-temperature crystallization |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Md Shariful Islam Lew P. Christopher Md Nur Alam |
spellingShingle |
Md Shariful Islam Lew P. Christopher Md Nur Alam Separation and Purification of ω-6 Linoleic Acid from Crude Tall Oil Separations crude tall oil essential fatty acids linoleic acid γ-linolenic acid α-linolenic acid distillation urea complexation low-temperature crystallization |
author_facet |
Md Shariful Islam Lew P. Christopher Md Nur Alam |
author_sort |
Md Shariful Islam |
title |
Separation and Purification of ω-6 Linoleic Acid from Crude Tall Oil |
title_short |
Separation and Purification of ω-6 Linoleic Acid from Crude Tall Oil |
title_full |
Separation and Purification of ω-6 Linoleic Acid from Crude Tall Oil |
title_fullStr |
Separation and Purification of ω-6 Linoleic Acid from Crude Tall Oil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Separation and Purification of ω-6 Linoleic Acid from Crude Tall Oil |
title_sort |
separation and purification of ω-6 linoleic acid from crude tall oil |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Separations |
issn |
2297-8739 |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
Crude tall oil (CTO) is the third largest by-product at kraft pulp and paper mills. Due the large presence of value-added fatty and resin acids, CTO has a huge valorization potential as a biobased, readily available, non-food, and low-cost biorefinery feedstock. The objective of this work was to present a method for the isolation of high-value linoleic acid (LA), an omega (ω)-6 essential fatty acid, from CTO using a combination of pretreatment, fractionation, and purification techniques. Following the distillation of CTO to separate the tall oil fatty acids (TOFAs) from CTO, LA was isolated and purified from TOFAs by urea complexation (UC) and low-temperature crystallization (LTC) in the temperature range between −7 and −15 °C. The crystallization yield of LA from CTO in that range was 7.8 w/w at 95.2% purity, with 3.8% w/w of ω-6 γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and 1.0% w/w of ω-3 α-linolenic (ALA) present as contaminants. This is the first report on the isolation of LA from CTO. The approach presented here can be applied to recover other valuable fatty acids. Furthermore, once the targeted fatty acid(s) are isolated, the rest of the TOFAs can be utilized for the production of biodiesel, biobased surfactants, or other valuable bioproducts. |
topic |
crude tall oil essential fatty acids linoleic acid γ-linolenic acid α-linolenic acid distillation urea complexation low-temperature crystallization |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/7/1/9 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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