Influence of Ammonium Ions, Organic Load and Flow Rate on the UV/Chlorine AOP Applied to Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant at Pilot Scale
This work investigates the influence of ammonium ions and the organic load (chemical oxygen demand (COD)) on the UV/chlorine AOP regarding the maintenance of free available chlorine (FAC) and elimination of 16 emerging contaminants (ECs) from wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTE) at pilot scale...
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doaj-9277203128ae45449e89fef410fc7ff82020-11-24T23:39:21ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012018-06-01156127610.3390/ijerph15061276ijerph15061276Influence of Ammonium Ions, Organic Load and Flow Rate on the UV/Chlorine AOP Applied to Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant at Pilot ScaleEduard Rott0Bertram Kuch1Claudia Lange2Philipp Richter3Ralf Minke4Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, GermanyThis work investigates the influence of ammonium ions and the organic load (chemical oxygen demand (COD)) on the UV/chlorine AOP regarding the maintenance of free available chlorine (FAC) and elimination of 16 emerging contaminants (ECs) from wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTE) at pilot scale (UV chamber at 0.4 kW). COD inhibited the FAC maintenance in the UV chamber influent at a ratio of 0.16 mg FAC per mg COD (kHOCl–COD = 182 M−1s−1). An increase in ammonium ion concentration led to a stoichiometric decrease of the FAC concentration in the UV chamber influent. Especially in cold seasons due to insufficient nitrification, the ammonium ion concentration in WWTE can become so high that it becomes impossible to achieve sufficiently high FAC concentrations in the UV chamber influent. For all ECs, the elimination effect by the UV/combined Cl2 AOP (UV/CC) was not significantly higher than that by sole UV treatment. Accordingly, the UV/chlorine AOP is very sensitive and loses its effectiveness drastically as soon as there is no FAC but only CC in the UV chamber influent. Therefore, within the electrical energy consumption range tested (0.13–1 kWh/m3), a stable EC elimination performance of the UV/chlorine AOP cannot be maintained throughout the year.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/6/1276ammoniumemerging contaminantspilot plantUV/chlorine AOPUV/HOClwastewater treatment |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Eduard Rott Bertram Kuch Claudia Lange Philipp Richter Ralf Minke |
spellingShingle |
Eduard Rott Bertram Kuch Claudia Lange Philipp Richter Ralf Minke Influence of Ammonium Ions, Organic Load and Flow Rate on the UV/Chlorine AOP Applied to Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant at Pilot Scale International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ammonium emerging contaminants pilot plant UV/chlorine AOP UV/HOCl wastewater treatment |
author_facet |
Eduard Rott Bertram Kuch Claudia Lange Philipp Richter Ralf Minke |
author_sort |
Eduard Rott |
title |
Influence of Ammonium Ions, Organic Load and Flow Rate on the UV/Chlorine AOP Applied to Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant at Pilot Scale |
title_short |
Influence of Ammonium Ions, Organic Load and Flow Rate on the UV/Chlorine AOP Applied to Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant at Pilot Scale |
title_full |
Influence of Ammonium Ions, Organic Load and Flow Rate on the UV/Chlorine AOP Applied to Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant at Pilot Scale |
title_fullStr |
Influence of Ammonium Ions, Organic Load and Flow Rate on the UV/Chlorine AOP Applied to Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant at Pilot Scale |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of Ammonium Ions, Organic Load and Flow Rate on the UV/Chlorine AOP Applied to Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant at Pilot Scale |
title_sort |
influence of ammonium ions, organic load and flow rate on the uv/chlorine aop applied to effluent of a wastewater treatment plant at pilot scale |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2018-06-01 |
description |
This work investigates the influence of ammonium ions and the organic load (chemical oxygen demand (COD)) on the UV/chlorine AOP regarding the maintenance of free available chlorine (FAC) and elimination of 16 emerging contaminants (ECs) from wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTE) at pilot scale (UV chamber at 0.4 kW). COD inhibited the FAC maintenance in the UV chamber influent at a ratio of 0.16 mg FAC per mg COD (kHOCl–COD = 182 M−1s−1). An increase in ammonium ion concentration led to a stoichiometric decrease of the FAC concentration in the UV chamber influent. Especially in cold seasons due to insufficient nitrification, the ammonium ion concentration in WWTE can become so high that it becomes impossible to achieve sufficiently high FAC concentrations in the UV chamber influent. For all ECs, the elimination effect by the UV/combined Cl2 AOP (UV/CC) was not significantly higher than that by sole UV treatment. Accordingly, the UV/chlorine AOP is very sensitive and loses its effectiveness drastically as soon as there is no FAC but only CC in the UV chamber influent. Therefore, within the electrical energy consumption range tested (0.13–1 kWh/m3), a stable EC elimination performance of the UV/chlorine AOP cannot be maintained throughout the year. |
topic |
ammonium emerging contaminants pilot plant UV/chlorine AOP UV/HOCl wastewater treatment |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/6/1276 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT eduardrott influenceofammoniumionsorganicloadandflowrateontheuvchlorineaopappliedtoeffluentofawastewatertreatmentplantatpilotscale AT bertramkuch influenceofammoniumionsorganicloadandflowrateontheuvchlorineaopappliedtoeffluentofawastewatertreatmentplantatpilotscale AT claudialange influenceofammoniumionsorganicloadandflowrateontheuvchlorineaopappliedtoeffluentofawastewatertreatmentplantatpilotscale AT philipprichter influenceofammoniumionsorganicloadandflowrateontheuvchlorineaopappliedtoeffluentofawastewatertreatmentplantatpilotscale AT ralfminke influenceofammoniumionsorganicloadandflowrateontheuvchlorineaopappliedtoeffluentofawastewatertreatmentplantatpilotscale |
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