Central Venous Pressure and Clinical Outcomes During Left-Sided Mechanical Support for Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock

• Main Authors: Evan H. Whitehead, Katherine L. Thayer, Daniel Burkhoff, Nir Uriel, E. Magnus Ohman, William O'Neill, Navin K. Kapur
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-08-01
• Series: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
• Subjects: central venous pressure; right heart failure; Impella RP; cardiogenic shock; mechanical circulatory support
• Online Access: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcvm.2020.00155/full

Background: Right ventricular failure (RVF) is associated with increased mortality among patients receiving left ventricular mechanical circulatory support (LV-MCS) for cardiogenic shock and requires prompt recognition and management. Increased central venous pressure (CVP) is an indicator of potential RVF.Objectives: We studied whether elevated CVP during LV-MCS for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock is associated with higher mortality.Methods: Between January 2014 and June 2019, we analyzed hemodynamic parameters during Impella LV-MCS from 28 centers in the United States participating in the global, prospective catheter-based ventricular assist device (cVAD) study. A total of 132 patients with a documented CVP measurement while on Impella left-sided support for cardiogenic shock were identified.Results: CVP was significantly higher among patients who died in the hospital (14.0 vs. 11.7 mmHg, p = 0.014), and a CVP >12 identified patients at significantly higher risk for in-hospital mortality (65 vs. 45%, p = 0.02). CVP remained significantly associated with in-hospital mortality even after adjustment in a multivariable model (adjusted OR 1.10 [95% CI 1.02–1.19] per 1 mmHg increase). LV-MCS suction events were non-significantly more frequent among patients with high vs. low CVP (62.11 vs. 7.14 events, p = 0.067).Conclusion: CVP is a single, readily accessible hemodynamic parameter which predicts a higher rate of short-term mortality and may identify subclinical RVF in patients receiving LV-MCS for cardiogenic shock.