Impact of Spinal Manipulation on Cortical Drive to Upper and Lower Limb Muscles
This study investigates whether spinal manipulation leads to changes in motor control by measuring the recruitment pattern of motor units in both an upper and lower limb muscle and to see whether such changes may at least in part occur at the cortical level by recording movement related cortical pot...
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doaj-943b7d88b31f427097f37fe75c6d3a322020-11-24T21:06:31ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252016-12-0171210.3390/brainsci7010002brainsci7010002Impact of Spinal Manipulation on Cortical Drive to Upper and Lower Limb MusclesHeidi Haavik0Imran Khan Niazi1Mads Jochumsen2Diane Sherwin3Stanley Flavel4Kemal S. Türker5Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New ZealandCentre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New ZealandCentre for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, DenmarkChirofit (Private Practice), 32a Normanby Rd, Mt Eden Auckland, Auckland 1024, New ZealandCentre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New ZealandSchool of Medicine, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, TurkeyThis study investigates whether spinal manipulation leads to changes in motor control by measuring the recruitment pattern of motor units in both an upper and lower limb muscle and to see whether such changes may at least in part occur at the cortical level by recording movement related cortical potential (MRCP) amplitudes. In experiment one, transcranial magnetic stimulation input–output (TMS I/O) curves for an upper limb muscle (abductor pollicus brevis; APB) were recorded, along with F waves before and after either spinal manipulation or a control intervention for the same subjects on two different days. During two separate days, lower limb TMS I/O curves and MRCPs were recorded from tibialis anterior muscle (TA) pre and post spinal manipulation. Dependent measures were compared with repeated measures analysis of variance, with p set at 0.05. Spinal manipulation resulted in a 54.5% ± 93.1% increase in maximum motor evoked potential (MEPmax) for APB and a 44.6% ± 69.6% increase in MEPmax for TA. For the MRCP data following spinal manipulation there were significant difference for amplitude of early bereitschafts-potential (EBP), late bereitschafts potential (LBP) and also for peak negativity (PN). The results of this study show that spinal manipulation leads to changes in cortical excitability, as measured by significantly larger MEPmax for TMS induced input–output curves for both an upper and lower limb muscle, and with larger amplitudes of MRCP component post manipulation. No changes in spinal measures (i.e., F wave amplitudes or persistence) were observed, and no changes were shown following the control condition. These results are consistent with previous findings that have suggested increases in strength following spinal manipulation were due to descending cortical drive and could not be explained by changes at the level of the spinal cord. Spinal manipulation may therefore be indicated for the patients who have lost tonus of their muscle and/or are recovering from muscle degrading dysfunctions such as stroke or orthopaedic operations and/or may also be of interest to sports performers. These findings should be followed up in the relevant populations.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/7/1/2transcranial magnetic stimulationmovement related cortical potentialneural adaptations |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Heidi Haavik Imran Khan Niazi Mads Jochumsen Diane Sherwin Stanley Flavel Kemal S. Türker |
spellingShingle |
Heidi Haavik Imran Khan Niazi Mads Jochumsen Diane Sherwin Stanley Flavel Kemal S. Türker Impact of Spinal Manipulation on Cortical Drive to Upper and Lower Limb Muscles Brain Sciences transcranial magnetic stimulation movement related cortical potential neural adaptations |
author_facet |
Heidi Haavik Imran Khan Niazi Mads Jochumsen Diane Sherwin Stanley Flavel Kemal S. Türker |
author_sort |
Heidi Haavik |
title |
Impact of Spinal Manipulation on Cortical Drive to Upper and Lower Limb Muscles |
title_short |
Impact of Spinal Manipulation on Cortical Drive to Upper and Lower Limb Muscles |
title_full |
Impact of Spinal Manipulation on Cortical Drive to Upper and Lower Limb Muscles |
title_fullStr |
Impact of Spinal Manipulation on Cortical Drive to Upper and Lower Limb Muscles |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of Spinal Manipulation on Cortical Drive to Upper and Lower Limb Muscles |
title_sort |
impact of spinal manipulation on cortical drive to upper and lower limb muscles |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Brain Sciences |
issn |
2076-3425 |
publishDate |
2016-12-01 |
description |
This study investigates whether spinal manipulation leads to changes in motor control by measuring the recruitment pattern of motor units in both an upper and lower limb muscle and to see whether such changes may at least in part occur at the cortical level by recording movement related cortical potential (MRCP) amplitudes. In experiment one, transcranial magnetic stimulation input–output (TMS I/O) curves for an upper limb muscle (abductor pollicus brevis; APB) were recorded, along with F waves before and after either spinal manipulation or a control intervention for the same subjects on two different days. During two separate days, lower limb TMS I/O curves and MRCPs were recorded from tibialis anterior muscle (TA) pre and post spinal manipulation. Dependent measures were compared with repeated measures analysis of variance, with p set at 0.05. Spinal manipulation resulted in a 54.5% ± 93.1% increase in maximum motor evoked potential (MEPmax) for APB and a 44.6% ± 69.6% increase in MEPmax for TA. For the MRCP data following spinal manipulation there were significant difference for amplitude of early bereitschafts-potential (EBP), late bereitschafts potential (LBP) and also for peak negativity (PN). The results of this study show that spinal manipulation leads to changes in cortical excitability, as measured by significantly larger MEPmax for TMS induced input–output curves for both an upper and lower limb muscle, and with larger amplitudes of MRCP component post manipulation. No changes in spinal measures (i.e., F wave amplitudes or persistence) were observed, and no changes were shown following the control condition. These results are consistent with previous findings that have suggested increases in strength following spinal manipulation were due to descending cortical drive and could not be explained by changes at the level of the spinal cord. Spinal manipulation may therefore be indicated for the patients who have lost tonus of their muscle and/or are recovering from muscle degrading dysfunctions such as stroke or orthopaedic operations and/or may also be of interest to sports performers. These findings should be followed up in the relevant populations. |
topic |
transcranial magnetic stimulation movement related cortical potential neural adaptations |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/7/1/2 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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