Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy
Cellulose fibers are promoted for use in various textile applications due their sustainable nature. Cellulose-based fibers vary considerably in their mechanical and flammability properties depending on their chemical composition. The chemical composition of a cellulose-based fiber is further depende...
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doaj-96cc88501df54cadab3854232c1a15502020-11-25T00:59:00ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602016-08-018829310.3390/polym8080293polym8080293Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame RetardancyKhalifah A. Salmeia0Milijana Jovic1Audrone Ragaisiene2Zaneta Rukuiziene3Rimvydas Milasius4Daiva Mikucioniene5Sabyasachi Gaan6Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen CH-9014, SwitzerlandAdditives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen CH-9014, SwitzerlandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-51424, LithuaniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-51424, LithuaniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-51424, LithuaniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-51424, LithuaniaAdditives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen CH-9014, SwitzerlandCellulose fibers are promoted for use in various textile applications due their sustainable nature. Cellulose-based fibers vary considerably in their mechanical and flammability properties depending on their chemical composition. The chemical composition of a cellulose-based fiber is further dependent on their source (i.e., seed, leaf, cane, fruit, wood, bast, and grass). Being organic in nature, cellulose fibers, and their products thereof, pose considerable fire risk. In this work we have compared the flammability properties of cellulose fibers obtained from two different sources (i.e., cotton and peat). Compared to cotton cellulose textiles, peat-based cellulose textiles burn longer with a prominent afterglow which can be attributed to the presence of lignin in its structure. A series of phosphoramidates were synthesized and applied on both cellulose textiles. From thermogravimetric and pyrolysis combustion flow analysis of the treated cellulose, we were able to relate the flame retardant efficacy of the synthesized phosphorus compounds to their chemical structure. The phosphoramidates with methyl phosphoester groups exhibited higher condensed phase flame retardant effects on both types of cellulose textiles investigated in this study. In addition, the bis-phosphoramidates exhibited higher flame retardant efficacy compared to the mono-phosphoramidates.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/8/8/293celluloseflame retardantphosphorus compoundsphosphoramidatesPCFCTGA |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Khalifah A. Salmeia Milijana Jovic Audrone Ragaisiene Zaneta Rukuiziene Rimvydas Milasius Daiva Mikucioniene Sabyasachi Gaan |
spellingShingle |
Khalifah A. Salmeia Milijana Jovic Audrone Ragaisiene Zaneta Rukuiziene Rimvydas Milasius Daiva Mikucioniene Sabyasachi Gaan Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy Polymers cellulose flame retardant phosphorus compounds phosphoramidates PCFC TGA |
author_facet |
Khalifah A. Salmeia Milijana Jovic Audrone Ragaisiene Zaneta Rukuiziene Rimvydas Milasius Daiva Mikucioniene Sabyasachi Gaan |
author_sort |
Khalifah A. Salmeia |
title |
Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy |
title_short |
Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy |
title_full |
Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy |
title_fullStr |
Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy |
title_sort |
flammability of cellulose-based fibers and the effect of structure of phosphorus compounds on their flame retardancy |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2016-08-01 |
description |
Cellulose fibers are promoted for use in various textile applications due their sustainable nature. Cellulose-based fibers vary considerably in their mechanical and flammability properties depending on their chemical composition. The chemical composition of a cellulose-based fiber is further dependent on their source (i.e., seed, leaf, cane, fruit, wood, bast, and grass). Being organic in nature, cellulose fibers, and their products thereof, pose considerable fire risk. In this work we have compared the flammability properties of cellulose fibers obtained from two different sources (i.e., cotton and peat). Compared to cotton cellulose textiles, peat-based cellulose textiles burn longer with a prominent afterglow which can be attributed to the presence of lignin in its structure. A series of phosphoramidates were synthesized and applied on both cellulose textiles. From thermogravimetric and pyrolysis combustion flow analysis of the treated cellulose, we were able to relate the flame retardant efficacy of the synthesized phosphorus compounds to their chemical structure. The phosphoramidates with methyl phosphoester groups exhibited higher condensed phase flame retardant effects on both types of cellulose textiles investigated in this study. In addition, the bis-phosphoramidates exhibited higher flame retardant efficacy compared to the mono-phosphoramidates. |
topic |
cellulose flame retardant phosphorus compounds phosphoramidates PCFC TGA |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/8/8/293 |
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