Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy

Cellulose fibers are promoted for use in various textile applications due their sustainable nature. Cellulose-based fibers vary considerably in their mechanical and flammability properties depending on their chemical composition. The chemical composition of a cellulose-based fiber is further depende...

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Main Authors: Khalifah A. Salmeia, Milijana Jovic, Audrone Ragaisiene, Zaneta Rukuiziene, Rimvydas Milasius, Daiva Mikucioniene, Sabyasachi Gaan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2016-08-01
Series:Polymers
Subjects:
TGA
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/8/8/293
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spelling doaj-96cc88501df54cadab3854232c1a15502020-11-25T00:59:00ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602016-08-018829310.3390/polym8080293polym8080293Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame RetardancyKhalifah A. Salmeia0Milijana Jovic1Audrone Ragaisiene2Zaneta Rukuiziene3Rimvydas Milasius4Daiva Mikucioniene5Sabyasachi Gaan6Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen CH-9014, SwitzerlandAdditives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen CH-9014, SwitzerlandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-51424, LithuaniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-51424, LithuaniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-51424, LithuaniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-51424, LithuaniaAdditives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen CH-9014, SwitzerlandCellulose fibers are promoted for use in various textile applications due their sustainable nature. Cellulose-based fibers vary considerably in their mechanical and flammability properties depending on their chemical composition. The chemical composition of a cellulose-based fiber is further dependent on their source (i.e., seed, leaf, cane, fruit, wood, bast, and grass). Being organic in nature, cellulose fibers, and their products thereof, pose considerable fire risk. In this work we have compared the flammability properties of cellulose fibers obtained from two different sources (i.e., cotton and peat). Compared to cotton cellulose textiles, peat-based cellulose textiles burn longer with a prominent afterglow which can be attributed to the presence of lignin in its structure. A series of phosphoramidates were synthesized and applied on both cellulose textiles. From thermogravimetric and pyrolysis combustion flow analysis of the treated cellulose, we were able to relate the flame retardant efficacy of the synthesized phosphorus compounds to their chemical structure. The phosphoramidates with methyl phosphoester groups exhibited higher condensed phase flame retardant effects on both types of cellulose textiles investigated in this study. In addition, the bis-phosphoramidates exhibited higher flame retardant efficacy compared to the mono-phosphoramidates.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/8/8/293celluloseflame retardantphosphorus compoundsphosphoramidatesPCFCTGA
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Khalifah A. Salmeia
Milijana Jovic
Audrone Ragaisiene
Zaneta Rukuiziene
Rimvydas Milasius
Daiva Mikucioniene
Sabyasachi Gaan
spellingShingle Khalifah A. Salmeia
Milijana Jovic
Audrone Ragaisiene
Zaneta Rukuiziene
Rimvydas Milasius
Daiva Mikucioniene
Sabyasachi Gaan
Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy
Polymers
cellulose
flame retardant
phosphorus compounds
phosphoramidates
PCFC
TGA
author_facet Khalifah A. Salmeia
Milijana Jovic
Audrone Ragaisiene
Zaneta Rukuiziene
Rimvydas Milasius
Daiva Mikucioniene
Sabyasachi Gaan
author_sort Khalifah A. Salmeia
title Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy
title_short Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy
title_full Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy
title_fullStr Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy
title_full_unstemmed Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy
title_sort flammability of cellulose-based fibers and the effect of structure of phosphorus compounds on their flame retardancy
publisher MDPI AG
series Polymers
issn 2073-4360
publishDate 2016-08-01
description Cellulose fibers are promoted for use in various textile applications due their sustainable nature. Cellulose-based fibers vary considerably in their mechanical and flammability properties depending on their chemical composition. The chemical composition of a cellulose-based fiber is further dependent on their source (i.e., seed, leaf, cane, fruit, wood, bast, and grass). Being organic in nature, cellulose fibers, and their products thereof, pose considerable fire risk. In this work we have compared the flammability properties of cellulose fibers obtained from two different sources (i.e., cotton and peat). Compared to cotton cellulose textiles, peat-based cellulose textiles burn longer with a prominent afterglow which can be attributed to the presence of lignin in its structure. A series of phosphoramidates were synthesized and applied on both cellulose textiles. From thermogravimetric and pyrolysis combustion flow analysis of the treated cellulose, we were able to relate the flame retardant efficacy of the synthesized phosphorus compounds to their chemical structure. The phosphoramidates with methyl phosphoester groups exhibited higher condensed phase flame retardant effects on both types of cellulose textiles investigated in this study. In addition, the bis-phosphoramidates exhibited higher flame retardant efficacy compared to the mono-phosphoramidates.
topic cellulose
flame retardant
phosphorus compounds
phosphoramidates
PCFC
TGA
url http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/8/8/293
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