Physiological modules for generating discrete and rhythmic movements: Component analysis of EMG signals.
A central question in Neuroscience is that of how the nervous system generates the spatiotemporal commands needed to realize complex gestures, such as handwriting. A key postulate is that the CNS builds up complex movements from a set of simpler motor primitives or control modules. In this study we...
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doaj-998e30d3bdf74d7da0625a8b052145412020-11-24T22:40:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience1662-51882015-01-01810.3389/fncom.2014.00169109558Physiological modules for generating discrete and rhythmic movements: Component analysis of EMG signals.Ana eBengoetxea0Ana eBengoetxea1Françoise eLeurs2Thomas eHoellinger3Ana Maria eCebolla4Bernard eDan5Bernard eDan6Guy eCheron7Guy eCheron8Joseph eMcIntyre9Joseph eMcIntyre10Université Libre de BruxellesUniversidad del Pais Vasco/Euskal Herriko UnibertsitateaUniversité Libre de BruxellesUniversité Libre de BruxellesUniversité Libre de BruxellesUniversité Libre de BruxellesHôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine FabiolaUniversité Libre de BruxellesUniversité de Mons-HainautFundacion Tecnalia Research and InnovationIKERBASQUE Science FoundationA central question in Neuroscience is that of how the nervous system generates the spatiotemporal commands needed to realize complex gestures, such as handwriting. A key postulate is that the CNS builds up complex movements from a set of simpler motor primitives or control modules. In this study we examined the control modules underlying the generation of muscle activations when performing different types of movement: discrete, point-to-point movements in eight different directions and continuous figure-eight movements in both the normal, upright orientation and rotated 90°. To test for the effects of biomechanical constraints, movements were performed in the frontal-parallel or sagittal planes, corresponding to two different nominal flexion/abduction postures of the shoulder. In all cases we measured limb kinematics and surface EMG signals for seven different muscles acting around the shoulder.We first performed principal component analysis (PCA) of the EMG signals on a movement-by-movement basis. We found a surprisingly consistent pattern of muscle groupings across movement types and movement planes, although we could detect systematic differences between the PCs derived from movements performed in each shoulder posture and between the principal components associated with the different orientations of the figure. Unexpectedly we found no systematic differences between the figure eights and the point-to-point movements. The first three principal components could be associated with a general co-contraction of all seven muscles plus two patterns of reciprocal activation. From these results, we surmise that both ‘discrete-rhythmic movements’ such as the figure eight, and discrete point-to-point movement may be constructed from three different fundamental modules, one regulating the impedance of the limb over the time span of the movement and two others operating to generate movement, one aligned with the vertical and the other aligned with the horizontal.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncom.2014.00169/fullPrincipal Component AnalysisUpper limbfigure-eightrhythmic movementmuscular synergyvarimax factor analysis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ana eBengoetxea Ana eBengoetxea Françoise eLeurs Thomas eHoellinger Ana Maria eCebolla Bernard eDan Bernard eDan Guy eCheron Guy eCheron Joseph eMcIntyre Joseph eMcIntyre |
spellingShingle |
Ana eBengoetxea Ana eBengoetxea Françoise eLeurs Thomas eHoellinger Ana Maria eCebolla Bernard eDan Bernard eDan Guy eCheron Guy eCheron Joseph eMcIntyre Joseph eMcIntyre Physiological modules for generating discrete and rhythmic movements: Component analysis of EMG signals. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience Principal Component Analysis Upper limb figure-eight rhythmic movement muscular synergy varimax factor analysis |
author_facet |
Ana eBengoetxea Ana eBengoetxea Françoise eLeurs Thomas eHoellinger Ana Maria eCebolla Bernard eDan Bernard eDan Guy eCheron Guy eCheron Joseph eMcIntyre Joseph eMcIntyre |
author_sort |
Ana eBengoetxea |
title |
Physiological modules for generating discrete and rhythmic movements: Component analysis of EMG signals. |
title_short |
Physiological modules for generating discrete and rhythmic movements: Component analysis of EMG signals. |
title_full |
Physiological modules for generating discrete and rhythmic movements: Component analysis of EMG signals. |
title_fullStr |
Physiological modules for generating discrete and rhythmic movements: Component analysis of EMG signals. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Physiological modules for generating discrete and rhythmic movements: Component analysis of EMG signals. |
title_sort |
physiological modules for generating discrete and rhythmic movements: component analysis of emg signals. |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-5188 |
publishDate |
2015-01-01 |
description |
A central question in Neuroscience is that of how the nervous system generates the spatiotemporal commands needed to realize complex gestures, such as handwriting. A key postulate is that the CNS builds up complex movements from a set of simpler motor primitives or control modules. In this study we examined the control modules underlying the generation of muscle activations when performing different types of movement: discrete, point-to-point movements in eight different directions and continuous figure-eight movements in both the normal, upright orientation and rotated 90°. To test for the effects of biomechanical constraints, movements were performed in the frontal-parallel or sagittal planes, corresponding to two different nominal flexion/abduction postures of the shoulder. In all cases we measured limb kinematics and surface EMG signals for seven different muscles acting around the shoulder.We first performed principal component analysis (PCA) of the EMG signals on a movement-by-movement basis. We found a surprisingly consistent pattern of muscle groupings across movement types and movement planes, although we could detect systematic differences between the PCs derived from movements performed in each shoulder posture and between the principal components associated with the different orientations of the figure. Unexpectedly we found no systematic differences between the figure eights and the point-to-point movements. The first three principal components could be associated with a general co-contraction of all seven muscles plus two patterns of reciprocal activation. From these results, we surmise that both ‘discrete-rhythmic movements’ such as the figure eight, and discrete point-to-point movement may be constructed from three different fundamental modules, one regulating the impedance of the limb over the time span of the movement and two others operating to generate movement, one aligned with the vertical and the other aligned with the horizontal. |
topic |
Principal Component Analysis Upper limb figure-eight rhythmic movement muscular synergy varimax factor analysis |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncom.2014.00169/full |
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