Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group

Abstract The goal of this study was to compare brain structure between individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy controls. Previous studies have generated inconsistent findings, possibly due to small sample sizes, or clinical/analytic heterogeneity. To address these concerns, w...

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Main Authors: Anita Harrewijn, Elise M. Cardinale, Nynke A. Groenewold, Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam, Moji Aghajani, Kevin Hilbert, Narcis Cardoner, Daniel Porta-Casteràs, Savannah Gosnell, Ramiro Salas, Andrea P. Jackowski, Pedro M. Pan, Giovanni A. Salum, Karina S. Blair, James R. Blair, Mira Z. Hammoud, Mohammed R. Milad, Katie L. Burkhouse, K. Luan Phan, Heidi K. Schroeder, Jeffrey R. Strawn, Katja Beesdo-Baum, Neda Jahanshad, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Randy Buckner, Jared A. Nielsen, Jordan W. Smoller, Jair C. Soares, Benson Mwangi, Mon-Ju Wu, Giovana B. Zunta-Soares, Michal Assaf, Gretchen J. Diefenbach, Paolo Brambilla, Eleonora Maggioni, David Hofmann, Thomas Straube, Carmen Andreescu, Rachel Berta, Erica Tamburo, Rebecca B. Price, Gisele G. Manfro, Federica Agosta, Elisa Canu, Camilla Cividini, Massimo Filippi, Milutin Kostić, Ana Munjiza Jovanovic, Bianca A. V. Alberton, Brenda Benson, Gabrielle F. Freitag, Courtney A. Filippi, Andrea L. Gold, Ellen Leibenluft, Grace V. Ringlein, Kathryn E. Werwath, Hannah Zwiebel, André Zugman, Hans J. Grabe, Sandra Van der Auwera, Katharina Wittfeld, Henry Völzke, Robin Bülow, Nicholas L. Balderston, Monique Ernst, Christian Grillon, Lilianne R. Mujica-Parodi, Helena van Nieuwenhuizen, Hugo D. Critchley, Elena Makovac, Matteo Mancini, Frances Meeten, Cristina Ottaviani, Tali M. Ball, Gregory A. Fonzo, Martin P. Paulus, Murray B. Stein, Raquel E. Gur, Ruben C. Gur, Antonia N. Kaczkurkin, Bart Larsen, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Jennifer Harper, Michael Myers, Michael T. Perino, Chad M. Sylvester, Qiongru Yu, Ulrike Lueken, Dick J. Veltman, Paul M. Thompson, Dan J. Stein, Nic J. A. Van der Wee, Anderson M. Winkler, Daniel S. Pine
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2021-10-01
Series:Translational Psychiatry
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01622-1