Lignification of developing maize ( Zea mays L.) endosperm transfer cells and starchy endosperm cells
Endosperm transfer cells in maize have extensive cell wall ingrowths that play a key role in kernel development. Although the incorporation of lignin would support this process, its presence in these structures has not been reported in previous studies. We used potassium permanganate staining combin...
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doaj-a376e7432da2401e957870fdc608959a2020-11-24T22:57:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2014-03-01510.3389/fpls.2014.0010276505Lignification of developing maize ( Zea mays L.) endosperm transfer cells and starchy endosperm cellsSara eRocha0Paulo eMonjardino1Duarte eMendonça2Artur eda Câmara Machado3Rui eFernandes4Paula eSampaio5Roberto eSalema6Roberto eSalema7Universidade dos AçoresUniversidade dos AçoresUniversidade dos AçoresUniversidade dos AçoresIBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do PortoIBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do PortoIBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do PortoFaculdade de Ciências, Universidade do PortoEndosperm transfer cells in maize have extensive cell wall ingrowths that play a key role in kernel development. Although the incorporation of lignin would support this process, its presence in these structures has not been reported in previous studies. We used potassium permanganate staining combined with transmission electron microscopy – energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry as well as acriflavine staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine whether the most basal endosperm transfer cells (MBETCs) contain lignified cell walls, using starchy endosperm cells for comparison. We investigated the lignin content of ultrathin sections of MBETCs treated with hydrogen peroxide. The lignin content of transfer and starchy cell walls was also determined by the acetyl bromide method. Finally, the relationship between cell wall lignification and MBETC growth/flange ingrowth orientation was evaluated. MBETC walls and ingrowths contained lignin throughout the period of cell growth we monitored. The same was true of the starchy cells, but those underwent an even more extensive growth period than the transfer cells. Both the reticulate and flange ingrowths were also lignified early in development. The significance of the lignification of maize endosperm cell walls is discussed in terms of its impact on cell growth and flange ingrowth orientation.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2014.00102/fullLignintransfer cellsstarchy cellsmaize endospermflange ingrowthsreticulate ingrowths |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sara eRocha Paulo eMonjardino Duarte eMendonça Artur eda Câmara Machado Rui eFernandes Paula eSampaio Roberto eSalema Roberto eSalema |
spellingShingle |
Sara eRocha Paulo eMonjardino Duarte eMendonça Artur eda Câmara Machado Rui eFernandes Paula eSampaio Roberto eSalema Roberto eSalema Lignification of developing maize ( Zea mays L.) endosperm transfer cells and starchy endosperm cells Frontiers in Plant Science Lignin transfer cells starchy cells maize endosperm flange ingrowths reticulate ingrowths |
author_facet |
Sara eRocha Paulo eMonjardino Duarte eMendonça Artur eda Câmara Machado Rui eFernandes Paula eSampaio Roberto eSalema Roberto eSalema |
author_sort |
Sara eRocha |
title |
Lignification of developing maize ( Zea mays L.) endosperm transfer cells and starchy endosperm cells |
title_short |
Lignification of developing maize ( Zea mays L.) endosperm transfer cells and starchy endosperm cells |
title_full |
Lignification of developing maize ( Zea mays L.) endosperm transfer cells and starchy endosperm cells |
title_fullStr |
Lignification of developing maize ( Zea mays L.) endosperm transfer cells and starchy endosperm cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lignification of developing maize ( Zea mays L.) endosperm transfer cells and starchy endosperm cells |
title_sort |
lignification of developing maize ( zea mays l.) endosperm transfer cells and starchy endosperm cells |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
issn |
1664-462X |
publishDate |
2014-03-01 |
description |
Endosperm transfer cells in maize have extensive cell wall ingrowths that play a key role in kernel development. Although the incorporation of lignin would support this process, its presence in these structures has not been reported in previous studies. We used potassium permanganate staining combined with transmission electron microscopy – energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry as well as acriflavine staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine whether the most basal endosperm transfer cells (MBETCs) contain lignified cell walls, using starchy endosperm cells for comparison. We investigated the lignin content of ultrathin sections of MBETCs treated with hydrogen peroxide. The lignin content of transfer and starchy cell walls was also determined by the acetyl bromide method. Finally, the relationship between cell wall lignification and MBETC growth/flange ingrowth orientation was evaluated. MBETC walls and ingrowths contained lignin throughout the period of cell growth we monitored. The same was true of the starchy cells, but those underwent an even more extensive growth period than the transfer cells. Both the reticulate and flange ingrowths were also lignified early in development. The significance of the lignification of maize endosperm cell walls is discussed in terms of its impact on cell growth and flange ingrowth orientation. |
topic |
Lignin transfer cells starchy cells maize endosperm flange ingrowths reticulate ingrowths |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2014.00102/full |
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