Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> Fruit Extract and Assessments of Their Antimicrobial, Anticancer and Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP)
The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has currently been gaining wide applications in the medical field of nanomedicine. Green synthesis is one of the most effective procedures for the production of AgNPs. The <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> tree grown throughout India has been...
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doaj-a8e3f1a9c6db4842819836445681fa452021-08-26T14:09:08ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-08-01111999199910.3390/nano11081999Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> Fruit Extract and Assessments of Their Antimicrobial, Anticancer and Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP)Kaushik Kumar Bharadwaj0Bijuli Rabha1Siddhartha Pati2Bhabesh Kumar Choudhury3Tanmay Sarkar4Sonit Kumar Gogoi5Nayanjyoti Kakati6Debabrat Baishya7Zulhisyam Abdul Kari8Hisham Atan Edinur9Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University Institute of Science and Technology, Guwahati 781014, Assam, IndiaDepartment of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University Institute of Science and Technology, Guwahati 781014, Assam, IndiaSIAN Institute, Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research (ABC), Balasore 756001, Odisha, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, IndiaMalda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Government of West Bengal, Malda 732102, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, IndiaDepartment of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University Institute of Science and Technology, Guwahati 781014, Assam, IndiaDepartment of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University Institute of Science and Technology, Guwahati 781014, Assam, IndiaFaculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaSchool of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaThe green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has currently been gaining wide applications in the medical field of nanomedicine. Green synthesis is one of the most effective procedures for the production of AgNPs. The <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> tree grown throughout India has been reported to have antioxidant and various therapeutic applications. In the context of this, we have investigated the fruit of <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> for the potential of forming AgNPs and analyzed its antibacterial and anticancer activity. We have developed a rapid, single-step, cost-effective and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs using <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> aqueous fruit extract at room temperature. The AgNPs began to form just after the reaction was initiated. The formation and characterization of AgNPs were confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, XRD, FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential, FESEM, EDX, TEM and photoluminescence (PL) methods. The average size of AgNPs, in accordance with TEM results, was found to be 17.4 nm. The antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles against pathogenic microorganism strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> was confirmed by the well diffusion method and was found to inhibit the growth of the bacteria with an average zone of inhibition size of (8.4 ± 0.3 mm and 12.1 ± 0.5 mm) and (6.1 ± 0.7 mm and 13.1 ± 0.5 mm) at 500 and 1000 µg/mL concentrations of AgNPs, respectively. The anticancer effect of the AgNPs was confirmed by MTT assay using the U87-MG (human primary glioblastoma) cell line. The IC<sub>50</sub> value was found to be 58.63 ± 5.74 μg/mL. The results showed that green synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial and anticancer potency. In addition, nitrophenols, which are regarded as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), can also be catalytically reduced to less toxic aminophenols by utilizing synthesized AgNPs. As a model reaction, AgNPs are employed as a catalyst in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, which is an intermediate for numerous analgesics and antipyretic drugs. Thus, the study is expected to help immensely in the pharmaceutical industries in developing antimicrobial drugs and/or as an anticancer drug, as well as in the cosmetic and food industries.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/8/1999silver nanoparticles<i>Diospyros malabarica</i>antibacterialanticancercatalyst4-nitrophenol |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kaushik Kumar Bharadwaj Bijuli Rabha Siddhartha Pati Bhabesh Kumar Choudhury Tanmay Sarkar Sonit Kumar Gogoi Nayanjyoti Kakati Debabrat Baishya Zulhisyam Abdul Kari Hisham Atan Edinur |
spellingShingle |
Kaushik Kumar Bharadwaj Bijuli Rabha Siddhartha Pati Bhabesh Kumar Choudhury Tanmay Sarkar Sonit Kumar Gogoi Nayanjyoti Kakati Debabrat Baishya Zulhisyam Abdul Kari Hisham Atan Edinur Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> Fruit Extract and Assessments of Their Antimicrobial, Anticancer and Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) Nanomaterials silver nanoparticles <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> antibacterial anticancer catalyst 4-nitrophenol |
author_facet |
Kaushik Kumar Bharadwaj Bijuli Rabha Siddhartha Pati Bhabesh Kumar Choudhury Tanmay Sarkar Sonit Kumar Gogoi Nayanjyoti Kakati Debabrat Baishya Zulhisyam Abdul Kari Hisham Atan Edinur |
author_sort |
Kaushik Kumar Bharadwaj |
title |
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> Fruit Extract and Assessments of Their Antimicrobial, Anticancer and Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) |
title_short |
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> Fruit Extract and Assessments of Their Antimicrobial, Anticancer and Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) |
title_full |
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> Fruit Extract and Assessments of Their Antimicrobial, Anticancer and Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) |
title_fullStr |
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> Fruit Extract and Assessments of Their Antimicrobial, Anticancer and Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> Fruit Extract and Assessments of Their Antimicrobial, Anticancer and Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) |
title_sort |
green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using <i>diospyros malabarica</i> fruit extract and assessments of their antimicrobial, anticancer and catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-np) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nanomaterials |
issn |
2079-4991 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has currently been gaining wide applications in the medical field of nanomedicine. Green synthesis is one of the most effective procedures for the production of AgNPs. The <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> tree grown throughout India has been reported to have antioxidant and various therapeutic applications. In the context of this, we have investigated the fruit of <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> for the potential of forming AgNPs and analyzed its antibacterial and anticancer activity. We have developed a rapid, single-step, cost-effective and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs using <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> aqueous fruit extract at room temperature. The AgNPs began to form just after the reaction was initiated. The formation and characterization of AgNPs were confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, XRD, FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential, FESEM, EDX, TEM and photoluminescence (PL) methods. The average size of AgNPs, in accordance with TEM results, was found to be 17.4 nm. The antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles against pathogenic microorganism strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> was confirmed by the well diffusion method and was found to inhibit the growth of the bacteria with an average zone of inhibition size of (8.4 ± 0.3 mm and 12.1 ± 0.5 mm) and (6.1 ± 0.7 mm and 13.1 ± 0.5 mm) at 500 and 1000 µg/mL concentrations of AgNPs, respectively. The anticancer effect of the AgNPs was confirmed by MTT assay using the U87-MG (human primary glioblastoma) cell line. The IC<sub>50</sub> value was found to be 58.63 ± 5.74 μg/mL. The results showed that green synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial and anticancer potency. In addition, nitrophenols, which are regarded as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), can also be catalytically reduced to less toxic aminophenols by utilizing synthesized AgNPs. As a model reaction, AgNPs are employed as a catalyst in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, which is an intermediate for numerous analgesics and antipyretic drugs. Thus, the study is expected to help immensely in the pharmaceutical industries in developing antimicrobial drugs and/or as an anticancer drug, as well as in the cosmetic and food industries. |
topic |
silver nanoparticles <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> antibacterial anticancer catalyst 4-nitrophenol |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/8/1999 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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