The Influence of MMA Esterification on Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Kenaf Bast/Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites
The demand for natural fiber hybrid composites for various applications has increased, which is leading to more research being conducted on natural fiber hybrid composites due to their promising mechanical properties. However, the incompatibility of natural fiber with polymer matrix limits the perfo...
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doaj-b0fa90323a254e4a8bb3807505fdb7222021-04-28T23:01:32ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-04-01142276227610.3390/ma14092276The Influence of MMA Esterification on Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Kenaf Bast/Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester CompositesRozyanty Rahman0Syed Zhafer Firdaus Syed Putra1Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim2Irwana Nainggolan3Bartłomiej Jeż4Marcin Nabiałek5Luqman Musa6Andrei Victor Sandu7Petrica Vizureanu8Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah9Dariusz Kwiatkowski10Izabela Wnuk11Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 01000, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 01000, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 01000, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandDepartment of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandFaculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 01000, MalaysiaCenter of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 01000, MalaysiaCenter of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 01000, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 01000, MalaysiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandDepartment of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandThe demand for natural fiber hybrid composites for various applications has increased, which is leading to more research being conducted on natural fiber hybrid composites due to their promising mechanical properties. However, the incompatibility of natural fiber with polymer matrix limits the performance of the natural fiber hybrid composite. In this research work, the mechanical properties and fiber-to-matrix interfacial adhesion were investigated. The efficiency of methyl methacrylate (MMA)-esterification treatments on composites’ final product performance was determined. The composite was prepared using the hand lay-up method with varying kenaf bast fiber (KBF) contents of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 (weight%) and hybridized with glass fiber (GF) at 5 and 10 (weight%). Unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) were used as binders and catalysts, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to examine the effects of MMA-esterification treatment on tensile strength and morphology (tensile fracture and characterization of MMA-esterification treatment) of the composite fabricated. The tensile strength of MMA-treated reinforced UPE and hybrid composites are higher than that of untreated composites. As for MMA treatment, 90 min of treatment showed the highest weight percent gain (WPG) and tensile strength of KBF-reinforced UPE composites. It can be concluded that the esterification of MMA on the KBF can lead to better mechanical properties and adhesion between the KFB and the UPE matrix. This research provides a clear reference for developing hybrid natural fibers, thus contributing to the current field of knowledge related to GF composites, specifically in transportation diligences due to their properties of being lightweight, superior, and involving low production cost.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/9/2276natural fiberkenaf fiberMMA-treatmenthybrid compositemechanical properties |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Rozyanty Rahman Syed Zhafer Firdaus Syed Putra Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Irwana Nainggolan Bartłomiej Jeż Marcin Nabiałek Luqman Musa Andrei Victor Sandu Petrica Vizureanu Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Dariusz Kwiatkowski Izabela Wnuk |
spellingShingle |
Rozyanty Rahman Syed Zhafer Firdaus Syed Putra Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Irwana Nainggolan Bartłomiej Jeż Marcin Nabiałek Luqman Musa Andrei Victor Sandu Petrica Vizureanu Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Dariusz Kwiatkowski Izabela Wnuk The Influence of MMA Esterification on Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Kenaf Bast/Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites Materials natural fiber kenaf fiber MMA-treatment hybrid composite mechanical properties |
author_facet |
Rozyanty Rahman Syed Zhafer Firdaus Syed Putra Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Irwana Nainggolan Bartłomiej Jeż Marcin Nabiałek Luqman Musa Andrei Victor Sandu Petrica Vizureanu Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Dariusz Kwiatkowski Izabela Wnuk |
author_sort |
Rozyanty Rahman |
title |
The Influence of MMA Esterification on Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Kenaf Bast/Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites |
title_short |
The Influence of MMA Esterification on Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Kenaf Bast/Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites |
title_full |
The Influence of MMA Esterification on Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Kenaf Bast/Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites |
title_fullStr |
The Influence of MMA Esterification on Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Kenaf Bast/Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Influence of MMA Esterification on Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Kenaf Bast/Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites |
title_sort |
influence of mma esterification on interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of hybrid kenaf bast/glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester composites |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
The demand for natural fiber hybrid composites for various applications has increased, which is leading to more research being conducted on natural fiber hybrid composites due to their promising mechanical properties. However, the incompatibility of natural fiber with polymer matrix limits the performance of the natural fiber hybrid composite. In this research work, the mechanical properties and fiber-to-matrix interfacial adhesion were investigated. The efficiency of methyl methacrylate (MMA)-esterification treatments on composites’ final product performance was determined. The composite was prepared using the hand lay-up method with varying kenaf bast fiber (KBF) contents of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 (weight%) and hybridized with glass fiber (GF) at 5 and 10 (weight%). Unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) were used as binders and catalysts, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to examine the effects of MMA-esterification treatment on tensile strength and morphology (tensile fracture and characterization of MMA-esterification treatment) of the composite fabricated. The tensile strength of MMA-treated reinforced UPE and hybrid composites are higher than that of untreated composites. As for MMA treatment, 90 min of treatment showed the highest weight percent gain (WPG) and tensile strength of KBF-reinforced UPE composites. It can be concluded that the esterification of MMA on the KBF can lead to better mechanical properties and adhesion between the KFB and the UPE matrix. This research provides a clear reference for developing hybrid natural fibers, thus contributing to the current field of knowledge related to GF composites, specifically in transportation diligences due to their properties of being lightweight, superior, and involving low production cost. |
topic |
natural fiber kenaf fiber MMA-treatment hybrid composite mechanical properties |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/9/2276 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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