3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics

The second primary molar represents an anchorage element in interceptive orthodontics. The present study aims to analyze the 3D morphology of primary second molars in order to provide reference data and implications about the development of orthodontic bands for second primary molars. Digital models...

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Main Authors: Alessandro Nota, Vincenzo Quinzi, Federico Floriani, Clizia Cappelli, Simona Tecco, Giuseppe Marzo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-06-01
Series:International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/12/6201
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spelling doaj-b18bca30919444caa8cf9b894fe60ec02021-06-30T23:36:43ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012021-06-01186201620110.3390/ijerph181262013D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive OrthodonticsAlessandro Nota0Vincenzo Quinzi1Federico Floriani2Clizia Cappelli3Simona Tecco4Giuseppe Marzo5Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyPrivate Practice, 20122 Milan, ItalyPrivate Practice, 20122 Milan, ItalyDental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyThe second primary molar represents an anchorage element in interceptive orthodontics. The present study aims to analyze the 3D morphology of primary second molars in order to provide reference data and implications about the development of orthodontic bands for second primary molars. Digital models of dental arches from 150 subjects in primary or mixed dentition were analyzed. Six dimensional variables were digitally measured for each second primary molar, and the mean and standard error of the mean (SEM) were calculated and compared applying Student <i>t</i>-test statistical analysis. The mean value results show statistically significant dimensional differences between the upper and lower teeth, (mostly <i>p</i> < 0.0001), except for the variable h1, while only the variable h1 showed significant differences between the antimetric teeth (left and right). The dimensional variations between the right and left molars were considerably minor compared to those found by comparing the upper and lower arches. A significantly higher dimension of the lower molars and a more rectangular shape were observed.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/12/6201interceptive orthodonticshuman teethorthodontic removable appliancesorthodontic appliancesorthodontic bandsdigital orthodontics
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Alessandro Nota
Vincenzo Quinzi
Federico Floriani
Clizia Cappelli
Simona Tecco
Giuseppe Marzo
spellingShingle Alessandro Nota
Vincenzo Quinzi
Federico Floriani
Clizia Cappelli
Simona Tecco
Giuseppe Marzo
3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
interceptive orthodontics
human teeth
orthodontic removable appliances
orthodontic appliances
orthodontic bands
digital orthodontics
author_facet Alessandro Nota
Vincenzo Quinzi
Federico Floriani
Clizia Cappelli
Simona Tecco
Giuseppe Marzo
author_sort Alessandro Nota
title 3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics
title_short 3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics
title_full 3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics
title_fullStr 3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics
title_full_unstemmed 3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics
title_sort 3d morphometric analysis of human primary second molar crowns and its implications on interceptive orthodontics
publisher MDPI AG
series International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
issn 1661-7827
1660-4601
publishDate 2021-06-01
description The second primary molar represents an anchorage element in interceptive orthodontics. The present study aims to analyze the 3D morphology of primary second molars in order to provide reference data and implications about the development of orthodontic bands for second primary molars. Digital models of dental arches from 150 subjects in primary or mixed dentition were analyzed. Six dimensional variables were digitally measured for each second primary molar, and the mean and standard error of the mean (SEM) were calculated and compared applying Student <i>t</i>-test statistical analysis. The mean value results show statistically significant dimensional differences between the upper and lower teeth, (mostly <i>p</i> < 0.0001), except for the variable h1, while only the variable h1 showed significant differences between the antimetric teeth (left and right). The dimensional variations between the right and left molars were considerably minor compared to those found by comparing the upper and lower arches. A significantly higher dimension of the lower molars and a more rectangular shape were observed.
topic interceptive orthodontics
human teeth
orthodontic removable appliances
orthodontic appliances
orthodontic bands
digital orthodontics
url https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/12/6201
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