3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics
The second primary molar represents an anchorage element in interceptive orthodontics. The present study aims to analyze the 3D morphology of primary second molars in order to provide reference data and implications about the development of orthodontic bands for second primary molars. Digital models...
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doaj-b18bca30919444caa8cf9b894fe60ec02021-06-30T23:36:43ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012021-06-01186201620110.3390/ijerph181262013D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive OrthodonticsAlessandro Nota0Vincenzo Quinzi1Federico Floriani2Clizia Cappelli3Simona Tecco4Giuseppe Marzo5Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyPrivate Practice, 20122 Milan, ItalyPrivate Practice, 20122 Milan, ItalyDental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyThe second primary molar represents an anchorage element in interceptive orthodontics. The present study aims to analyze the 3D morphology of primary second molars in order to provide reference data and implications about the development of orthodontic bands for second primary molars. Digital models of dental arches from 150 subjects in primary or mixed dentition were analyzed. Six dimensional variables were digitally measured for each second primary molar, and the mean and standard error of the mean (SEM) were calculated and compared applying Student <i>t</i>-test statistical analysis. The mean value results show statistically significant dimensional differences between the upper and lower teeth, (mostly <i>p</i> < 0.0001), except for the variable h1, while only the variable h1 showed significant differences between the antimetric teeth (left and right). The dimensional variations between the right and left molars were considerably minor compared to those found by comparing the upper and lower arches. A significantly higher dimension of the lower molars and a more rectangular shape were observed.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/12/6201interceptive orthodonticshuman teethorthodontic removable appliancesorthodontic appliancesorthodontic bandsdigital orthodontics |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alessandro Nota Vincenzo Quinzi Federico Floriani Clizia Cappelli Simona Tecco Giuseppe Marzo |
spellingShingle |
Alessandro Nota Vincenzo Quinzi Federico Floriani Clizia Cappelli Simona Tecco Giuseppe Marzo 3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health interceptive orthodontics human teeth orthodontic removable appliances orthodontic appliances orthodontic bands digital orthodontics |
author_facet |
Alessandro Nota Vincenzo Quinzi Federico Floriani Clizia Cappelli Simona Tecco Giuseppe Marzo |
author_sort |
Alessandro Nota |
title |
3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics |
title_short |
3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics |
title_full |
3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics |
title_fullStr |
3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics |
title_full_unstemmed |
3D Morphometric Analysis of Human Primary Second Molar Crowns and Its Implications on Interceptive Orthodontics |
title_sort |
3d morphometric analysis of human primary second molar crowns and its implications on interceptive orthodontics |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
The second primary molar represents an anchorage element in interceptive orthodontics. The present study aims to analyze the 3D morphology of primary second molars in order to provide reference data and implications about the development of orthodontic bands for second primary molars. Digital models of dental arches from 150 subjects in primary or mixed dentition were analyzed. Six dimensional variables were digitally measured for each second primary molar, and the mean and standard error of the mean (SEM) were calculated and compared applying Student <i>t</i>-test statistical analysis. The mean value results show statistically significant dimensional differences between the upper and lower teeth, (mostly <i>p</i> < 0.0001), except for the variable h1, while only the variable h1 showed significant differences between the antimetric teeth (left and right). The dimensional variations between the right and left molars were considerably minor compared to those found by comparing the upper and lower arches. A significantly higher dimension of the lower molars and a more rectangular shape were observed. |
topic |
interceptive orthodontics human teeth orthodontic removable appliances orthodontic appliances orthodontic bands digital orthodontics |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/12/6201 |
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