Combined Effect of Activated Carbon Particles and Non-Adsorptive Spherical Beads as Fluidized Media on Fouling, Organic Removal and Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor

The combined effect of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) spherical beads and granular activated carbon (GAC) particles as fluidized media on the performance of anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor (AFMBR) was investigated. GAC particles and ABS beads were fluidized together in a single AF...

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Main Authors: Daeeun Kwon, Theo Y.C. Lam, Minseok Kim, Giin-Yu Amy Tan, Po-Heng Lee, Jeonghwan Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
Series:Membranes
Subjects:
GAC
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/5/365
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spelling doaj-b627e5be60df4f8882bf95f8ca6a4d582021-06-01T00:20:42ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752021-05-011136536510.3390/membranes11050365Combined Effect of Activated Carbon Particles and Non-Adsorptive Spherical Beads as Fluidized Media on Fouling, Organic Removal and Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Membrane BioreactorDaeeun Kwon0Theo Y.C. Lam1Minseok Kim2Giin-Yu Amy Tan3Po-Heng Lee4Jeonghwan Kim5Department of Environmental Engineering, Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, KoreaDepartment of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong KongDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, KoreaDepartment of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong KongDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, KoreaThe combined effect of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) spherical beads and granular activated carbon (GAC) particles as fluidized media on the performance of anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor (AFMBR) was investigated. GAC particles and ABS beads were fluidized together in a single AFMBR to investigate membrane fouling and organic removal efficiency as well as energy consumption. The density difference between these two similarly sized media caused the stratified bed layer where ABS beads are fluidized above the GAC along the membrane. Membrane relaxation was effective to reduce the fouling and trans-membrane pressure (TMP) below 0.25 bar could be achieved at 6 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT). More than 90% of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) was removed after 80 d operation. Biogas consisting of 65% of methane was produced by AFMBR, suggesting that combined use of GAC and ABS beads did not have any adverse effect on methane production during the operational period. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examinations showed the adherence of microbes to both media. However, 16S rRNA results revealed that fewer microbes attached to ABS beads than GAC. There were also compositional differences between the ABS and GAC microbial communities. The abundance of the syntrophs and exoelectrogens population on ABS beads was relatively low compared to that of GAC. Our result implied that syntrophic synergy and possible occurrence of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) might be facilitated in AFMBR by GAC, while traditional methanogenic pathways were dominant in ABS beads. The electrical energy required was 0.02 kWh/m<sup>3</sup>, and it was only about 13% of that produced by AFMBR.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/5/365anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactorGACABS mediaenergy reduction
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Daeeun Kwon
Theo Y.C. Lam
Minseok Kim
Giin-Yu Amy Tan
Po-Heng Lee
Jeonghwan Kim
spellingShingle Daeeun Kwon
Theo Y.C. Lam
Minseok Kim
Giin-Yu Amy Tan
Po-Heng Lee
Jeonghwan Kim
Combined Effect of Activated Carbon Particles and Non-Adsorptive Spherical Beads as Fluidized Media on Fouling, Organic Removal and Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor
Membranes
anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor
GAC
ABS media
energy reduction
author_facet Daeeun Kwon
Theo Y.C. Lam
Minseok Kim
Giin-Yu Amy Tan
Po-Heng Lee
Jeonghwan Kim
author_sort Daeeun Kwon
title Combined Effect of Activated Carbon Particles and Non-Adsorptive Spherical Beads as Fluidized Media on Fouling, Organic Removal and Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor
title_short Combined Effect of Activated Carbon Particles and Non-Adsorptive Spherical Beads as Fluidized Media on Fouling, Organic Removal and Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor
title_full Combined Effect of Activated Carbon Particles and Non-Adsorptive Spherical Beads as Fluidized Media on Fouling, Organic Removal and Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor
title_fullStr Combined Effect of Activated Carbon Particles and Non-Adsorptive Spherical Beads as Fluidized Media on Fouling, Organic Removal and Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor
title_full_unstemmed Combined Effect of Activated Carbon Particles and Non-Adsorptive Spherical Beads as Fluidized Media on Fouling, Organic Removal and Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor
title_sort combined effect of activated carbon particles and non-adsorptive spherical beads as fluidized media on fouling, organic removal and microbial communities in anaerobic membrane bioreactor
publisher MDPI AG
series Membranes
issn 2077-0375
publishDate 2021-05-01
description The combined effect of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) spherical beads and granular activated carbon (GAC) particles as fluidized media on the performance of anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor (AFMBR) was investigated. GAC particles and ABS beads were fluidized together in a single AFMBR to investigate membrane fouling and organic removal efficiency as well as energy consumption. The density difference between these two similarly sized media caused the stratified bed layer where ABS beads are fluidized above the GAC along the membrane. Membrane relaxation was effective to reduce the fouling and trans-membrane pressure (TMP) below 0.25 bar could be achieved at 6 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT). More than 90% of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) was removed after 80 d operation. Biogas consisting of 65% of methane was produced by AFMBR, suggesting that combined use of GAC and ABS beads did not have any adverse effect on methane production during the operational period. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examinations showed the adherence of microbes to both media. However, 16S rRNA results revealed that fewer microbes attached to ABS beads than GAC. There were also compositional differences between the ABS and GAC microbial communities. The abundance of the syntrophs and exoelectrogens population on ABS beads was relatively low compared to that of GAC. Our result implied that syntrophic synergy and possible occurrence of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) might be facilitated in AFMBR by GAC, while traditional methanogenic pathways were dominant in ABS beads. The electrical energy required was 0.02 kWh/m<sup>3</sup>, and it was only about 13% of that produced by AFMBR.
topic anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor
GAC
ABS media
energy reduction
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/5/365
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