The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study

Glucocorticoids are one of the causes of secondary osteoporosis. The aqueous extract of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> contains flavonoids that possess antioxidant effects. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract on structural, dyna...

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Main Authors: Siti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri, Ima Nirwana Soelaiman, Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas, Nurul Huda Mohd Nor, Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal, Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-10-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7715
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spelling doaj-c7e66d6498fe42fbbf4bf99a1c16cc7a2020-11-25T03:41:50ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-10-01217715771510.3390/ijms21207715The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric StudySiti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri0Ima Nirwana Soelaiman1Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas2Nurul Huda Mohd Nor3Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal4Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli5Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicines, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicines, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaGlucocorticoids are one of the causes of secondary osteoporosis. The aqueous extract of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> contains flavonoids that possess antioxidant effects. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract on structural, dynamic and static histomorphometric changes from osteoporotic bones of rats induced with glucocorticoids. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into four groups—Sham control group given vehicles (intramuscular (IM) olive oil and oral normal saline); AC: Adrenalectomised (Adrx) control group given IM dexamethasone (DEX) (120 μg/kg/day) and vehicle (oral normal saline); AP: Adrx group administered IM DEX (120 μg/kg/day) and aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract (125 mg/kg/day) orally; and AG: Adrx group administered IM DEX (120 μg/kg/day) and oral glycyrrhizic acid (GCA) (120 mg/kg/day). Histomorphometric measurements showed that the bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, osteoid and osteoblast surfaces, double-labelled trabecular surface, mineralizing surface and bone formation rate of rats given aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas the trabecular separation and osteoclast surface were significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This study suggests that aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract was able to prevent bone loss in prolonged glucocorticoid therapy. Thus, <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> has the potential to be used as an alternative medicine against osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in patients undergoing long-term glucocorticoid therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7715glucocorticoidhistomorphometryosteoporosis<i>Piper sarmentosum</i>
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Siti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri
Ima Nirwana Soelaiman
Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
Nurul Huda Mohd Nor
Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal
Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli
spellingShingle Siti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri
Ima Nirwana Soelaiman
Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
Nurul Huda Mohd Nor
Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal
Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli
The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
glucocorticoid
histomorphometry
osteoporosis
<i>Piper sarmentosum</i>
author_facet Siti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri
Ima Nirwana Soelaiman
Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
Nurul Huda Mohd Nor
Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal
Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli
author_sort Siti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri
title The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study
title_short The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study
title_full The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study
title_fullStr The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study
title_full_unstemmed The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study
title_sort role of <i>piper sarmentosum</i> aqueous extract as a bone protective agent, a histomorphometric study
publisher MDPI AG
series International Journal of Molecular Sciences
issn 1661-6596
1422-0067
publishDate 2020-10-01
description Glucocorticoids are one of the causes of secondary osteoporosis. The aqueous extract of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> contains flavonoids that possess antioxidant effects. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract on structural, dynamic and static histomorphometric changes from osteoporotic bones of rats induced with glucocorticoids. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into four groups—Sham control group given vehicles (intramuscular (IM) olive oil and oral normal saline); AC: Adrenalectomised (Adrx) control group given IM dexamethasone (DEX) (120 μg/kg/day) and vehicle (oral normal saline); AP: Adrx group administered IM DEX (120 μg/kg/day) and aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract (125 mg/kg/day) orally; and AG: Adrx group administered IM DEX (120 μg/kg/day) and oral glycyrrhizic acid (GCA) (120 mg/kg/day). Histomorphometric measurements showed that the bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, osteoid and osteoblast surfaces, double-labelled trabecular surface, mineralizing surface and bone formation rate of rats given aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas the trabecular separation and osteoclast surface were significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This study suggests that aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract was able to prevent bone loss in prolonged glucocorticoid therapy. Thus, <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> has the potential to be used as an alternative medicine against osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in patients undergoing long-term glucocorticoid therapy.
topic glucocorticoid
histomorphometry
osteoporosis
<i>Piper sarmentosum</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7715
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