The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study
Glucocorticoids are one of the causes of secondary osteoporosis. The aqueous extract of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> contains flavonoids that possess antioxidant effects. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract on structural, dyna...
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doaj-c7e66d6498fe42fbbf4bf99a1c16cc7a2020-11-25T03:41:50ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-10-01217715771510.3390/ijms21207715The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric StudySiti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri0Ima Nirwana Soelaiman1Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas2Nurul Huda Mohd Nor3Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal4Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli5Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicines, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicines, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaGlucocorticoids are one of the causes of secondary osteoporosis. The aqueous extract of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> contains flavonoids that possess antioxidant effects. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract on structural, dynamic and static histomorphometric changes from osteoporotic bones of rats induced with glucocorticoids. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into four groups—Sham control group given vehicles (intramuscular (IM) olive oil and oral normal saline); AC: Adrenalectomised (Adrx) control group given IM dexamethasone (DEX) (120 μg/kg/day) and vehicle (oral normal saline); AP: Adrx group administered IM DEX (120 μg/kg/day) and aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract (125 mg/kg/day) orally; and AG: Adrx group administered IM DEX (120 μg/kg/day) and oral glycyrrhizic acid (GCA) (120 mg/kg/day). Histomorphometric measurements showed that the bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, osteoid and osteoblast surfaces, double-labelled trabecular surface, mineralizing surface and bone formation rate of rats given aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas the trabecular separation and osteoclast surface were significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This study suggests that aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract was able to prevent bone loss in prolonged glucocorticoid therapy. Thus, <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> has the potential to be used as an alternative medicine against osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in patients undergoing long-term glucocorticoid therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7715glucocorticoidhistomorphometryosteoporosis<i>Piper sarmentosum</i> |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Siti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri Ima Nirwana Soelaiman Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas Nurul Huda Mohd Nor Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli |
spellingShingle |
Siti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri Ima Nirwana Soelaiman Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas Nurul Huda Mohd Nor Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study International Journal of Molecular Sciences glucocorticoid histomorphometry osteoporosis <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> |
author_facet |
Siti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri Ima Nirwana Soelaiman Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas Nurul Huda Mohd Nor Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli |
author_sort |
Siti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri |
title |
The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study |
title_short |
The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study |
title_full |
The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study |
title_fullStr |
The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study |
title_sort |
role of <i>piper sarmentosum</i> aqueous extract as a bone protective agent, a histomorphometric study |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Glucocorticoids are one of the causes of secondary osteoporosis. The aqueous extract of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> contains flavonoids that possess antioxidant effects. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract on structural, dynamic and static histomorphometric changes from osteoporotic bones of rats induced with glucocorticoids. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into four groups—Sham control group given vehicles (intramuscular (IM) olive oil and oral normal saline); AC: Adrenalectomised (Adrx) control group given IM dexamethasone (DEX) (120 μg/kg/day) and vehicle (oral normal saline); AP: Adrx group administered IM DEX (120 μg/kg/day) and aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract (125 mg/kg/day) orally; and AG: Adrx group administered IM DEX (120 μg/kg/day) and oral glycyrrhizic acid (GCA) (120 mg/kg/day). Histomorphometric measurements showed that the bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, osteoid and osteoblast surfaces, double-labelled trabecular surface, mineralizing surface and bone formation rate of rats given aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas the trabecular separation and osteoclast surface were significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This study suggests that aqueous <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> leaf extract was able to prevent bone loss in prolonged glucocorticoid therapy. Thus, <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> has the potential to be used as an alternative medicine against osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in patients undergoing long-term glucocorticoid therapy. |
topic |
glucocorticoid histomorphometry osteoporosis <i>Piper sarmentosum</i> |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7715 |
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