Large-scale differences in diversity and functional adaptations of prokaryotic communities from conserved and anthropogenically impacted mangrove sediments in a tropical estuary
Mangroves are tropical ecosystems with strategic importance for climate change mitigation on local and global scales. They are also under considerable threat due to fragmentation degradation and urbanization. However, a complete understanding of how anthropogenic actions can affect microbial biodive...
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doaj-c82079df0c5f436d902400102e58b5122021-09-25T15:05:25ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592021-09-019e1222910.7717/peerj.12229Large-scale differences in diversity and functional adaptations of prokaryotic communities from conserved and anthropogenically impacted mangrove sediments in a tropical estuaryCarolina O. De Santana0Pieter Spealman1Vania Melo2David Gresham3Taise de Jesus4Eddy Oliveira5Fabio Alexandre Chinalia6Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilDepartment of Biology, New York University, New York City, NY, United States of AmericaDepartment of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, BrazilDepartment of Biology, New York University, New York City, NY, United States of AmericaDepartment of Biology, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, BrazilDepartment of Biology, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, BrazilGeosciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilMangroves are tropical ecosystems with strategic importance for climate change mitigation on local and global scales. They are also under considerable threat due to fragmentation degradation and urbanization. However, a complete understanding of how anthropogenic actions can affect microbial biodiversity and functional adaptations is still lacking. In this study, we carried out 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis using sediment samples from two distinct mangrove areas located within the Serinhaém Estuary, Brazil. The first sampling area was located around the urban area of Ituberá, impacted by domestic sewage and urban runoff, while the second was an environmentally conserved site. Our results show significant changes in the structure of the communities between impacted and conserved sites. Biodiversity, along with functional potentials for the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, were significantly increased in the urban area. We found that the environmental factors of organic matter, temperature and copper were significantly correlated with the observed shifts in the communities. Contributions of specific taxa to the functional potentials were negatively correlated with biodiversity, such that fewer numbers of taxa in the conserved area contributed to the majority of the metabolic potential. The results suggest that the contamination by urban runoff may have generated a different environment that led to the extinction of some taxa observed at the conserved site. In their place we found that the impacted site is enriched in prokaryotic families that are known human and animal pathogens, a clear negative effect of the urbanization process.https://peerj.com/articles/12229.pdfMangroveUrbanizationSediment microbiomeEnvironmental impactTropical estuary |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Carolina O. De Santana Pieter Spealman Vania Melo David Gresham Taise de Jesus Eddy Oliveira Fabio Alexandre Chinalia |
spellingShingle |
Carolina O. De Santana Pieter Spealman Vania Melo David Gresham Taise de Jesus Eddy Oliveira Fabio Alexandre Chinalia Large-scale differences in diversity and functional adaptations of prokaryotic communities from conserved and anthropogenically impacted mangrove sediments in a tropical estuary PeerJ Mangrove Urbanization Sediment microbiome Environmental impact Tropical estuary |
author_facet |
Carolina O. De Santana Pieter Spealman Vania Melo David Gresham Taise de Jesus Eddy Oliveira Fabio Alexandre Chinalia |
author_sort |
Carolina O. De Santana |
title |
Large-scale differences in diversity and functional adaptations of prokaryotic communities from conserved and anthropogenically impacted mangrove sediments in a tropical estuary |
title_short |
Large-scale differences in diversity and functional adaptations of prokaryotic communities from conserved and anthropogenically impacted mangrove sediments in a tropical estuary |
title_full |
Large-scale differences in diversity and functional adaptations of prokaryotic communities from conserved and anthropogenically impacted mangrove sediments in a tropical estuary |
title_fullStr |
Large-scale differences in diversity and functional adaptations of prokaryotic communities from conserved and anthropogenically impacted mangrove sediments in a tropical estuary |
title_full_unstemmed |
Large-scale differences in diversity and functional adaptations of prokaryotic communities from conserved and anthropogenically impacted mangrove sediments in a tropical estuary |
title_sort |
large-scale differences in diversity and functional adaptations of prokaryotic communities from conserved and anthropogenically impacted mangrove sediments in a tropical estuary |
publisher |
PeerJ Inc. |
series |
PeerJ |
issn |
2167-8359 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Mangroves are tropical ecosystems with strategic importance for climate change mitigation on local and global scales. They are also under considerable threat due to fragmentation degradation and urbanization. However, a complete understanding of how anthropogenic actions can affect microbial biodiversity and functional adaptations is still lacking. In this study, we carried out 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis using sediment samples from two distinct mangrove areas located within the Serinhaém Estuary, Brazil. The first sampling area was located around the urban area of Ituberá, impacted by domestic sewage and urban runoff, while the second was an environmentally conserved site. Our results show significant changes in the structure of the communities between impacted and conserved sites. Biodiversity, along with functional potentials for the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, were significantly increased in the urban area. We found that the environmental factors of organic matter, temperature and copper were significantly correlated with the observed shifts in the communities. Contributions of specific taxa to the functional potentials were negatively correlated with biodiversity, such that fewer numbers of taxa in the conserved area contributed to the majority of the metabolic potential. The results suggest that the contamination by urban runoff may have generated a different environment that led to the extinction of some taxa observed at the conserved site. In their place we found that the impacted site is enriched in prokaryotic families that are known human and animal pathogens, a clear negative effect of the urbanization process. |
topic |
Mangrove Urbanization Sediment microbiome Environmental impact Tropical estuary |
url |
https://peerj.com/articles/12229.pdf |
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