Soil Organic Matter Degradation in Long-Term Maize Cultivation and Insufficient Organic Fertilization
Soil organic matter carbon (C<sub>SOM</sub>) compounds degradation was observed in long-term field experiments with silage maize monoculture. Over a period of 26 years, the content of carbon in topsoil decreased by 22% in control unfertilized plots compared to 25% and 26% in treatments f...
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doaj-ca416f5c71d145488eccdf94c510c6562020-11-25T03:41:48ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-09-0191217121710.3390/plants9091217Soil Organic Matter Degradation in Long-Term Maize Cultivation and Insufficient Organic FertilizationJiří Balík0Martin Kulhánek1Jindřich Černý2Ondřej Sedlář3Pavel Suran4Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicSoil organic matter carbon (C<sub>SOM</sub>) compounds degradation was observed in long-term field experiments with silage maize monoculture. Over a period of 26 years, the content of carbon in topsoil decreased by 22% in control unfertilized plots compared to 25% and 26% in treatments fertilized annually with mineral nitrogen. With annual wheat straw application (together with mineral N), the content of C<sub>SOM</sub> decreased by 8%. Contrary to that, the annual application of farmyard manure resulted in a C<sub>SOM</sub> increase of 16%. The ratio of carbon produced by maize related to total topsoil C<sub>SOM</sub> content ranged between 8.1–11.8%. In plots with mineral N fertilization, this ratio was always higher than in the unfertilized control plots. With the weaker soil extraction agent (CaCl<sub>2</sub>), the ratio of carbon produced by maize was determined to be 17.9–20.7%. With stronger extraction agent (pyrophosphate) it was only 10.2–14.6%. This shows that maize produced mostly unstable carbon compounds. Mineral N application resulted in stronger mineralization of original and stable organic matter compared to the unfertilized control. However, the increase of maize-produced carbon content in fertilized plots did not compensate for the decrease of “old” organic matter. As a result, a tendency to decrease total C<sub>SOM</sub> content in plots with mineral N applied was observed.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1217C balancehumic acidsfulvic acidsmineral Nfarmyard manurestraw |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jiří Balík Martin Kulhánek Jindřich Černý Ondřej Sedlář Pavel Suran |
spellingShingle |
Jiří Balík Martin Kulhánek Jindřich Černý Ondřej Sedlář Pavel Suran Soil Organic Matter Degradation in Long-Term Maize Cultivation and Insufficient Organic Fertilization Plants C balance humic acids fulvic acids mineral N farmyard manure straw |
author_facet |
Jiří Balík Martin Kulhánek Jindřich Černý Ondřej Sedlář Pavel Suran |
author_sort |
Jiří Balík |
title |
Soil Organic Matter Degradation in Long-Term Maize Cultivation and Insufficient Organic Fertilization |
title_short |
Soil Organic Matter Degradation in Long-Term Maize Cultivation and Insufficient Organic Fertilization |
title_full |
Soil Organic Matter Degradation in Long-Term Maize Cultivation and Insufficient Organic Fertilization |
title_fullStr |
Soil Organic Matter Degradation in Long-Term Maize Cultivation and Insufficient Organic Fertilization |
title_full_unstemmed |
Soil Organic Matter Degradation in Long-Term Maize Cultivation and Insufficient Organic Fertilization |
title_sort |
soil organic matter degradation in long-term maize cultivation and insufficient organic fertilization |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Plants |
issn |
2223-7747 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Soil organic matter carbon (C<sub>SOM</sub>) compounds degradation was observed in long-term field experiments with silage maize monoculture. Over a period of 26 years, the content of carbon in topsoil decreased by 22% in control unfertilized plots compared to 25% and 26% in treatments fertilized annually with mineral nitrogen. With annual wheat straw application (together with mineral N), the content of C<sub>SOM</sub> decreased by 8%. Contrary to that, the annual application of farmyard manure resulted in a C<sub>SOM</sub> increase of 16%. The ratio of carbon produced by maize related to total topsoil C<sub>SOM</sub> content ranged between 8.1–11.8%. In plots with mineral N fertilization, this ratio was always higher than in the unfertilized control plots. With the weaker soil extraction agent (CaCl<sub>2</sub>), the ratio of carbon produced by maize was determined to be 17.9–20.7%. With stronger extraction agent (pyrophosphate) it was only 10.2–14.6%. This shows that maize produced mostly unstable carbon compounds. Mineral N application resulted in stronger mineralization of original and stable organic matter compared to the unfertilized control. However, the increase of maize-produced carbon content in fertilized plots did not compensate for the decrease of “old” organic matter. As a result, a tendency to decrease total C<sub>SOM</sub> content in plots with mineral N applied was observed. |
topic |
C balance humic acids fulvic acids mineral N farmyard manure straw |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1217 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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