Trypophobia: What Do We Know So Far? A Case Report and Comprehensive Review of the Literature

• Main Authors: Juan Carlos Martínez-Aguayo, Renzo C. Lanfranco, Marcelo Arancibia, Elisa Sepúlveda, Eva Madrid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-02-01
• Series: Frontiers in Psychiatry
• Subjects: trypophobia; phobic disorders; anxiety disorders; fear; visual perception; biological mimicry
• Online Access: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00015/full

In this article, we describe the case of a girl who suffers from a phobia to repetitive patterns, known as trypophobia. This condition has not yet been recognised by diagnostic taxonomies such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Trypophobia usually involves an intense and disproportionate fear towards holes, repetitive patterns, protrusions, etc., and, in general, images that present high-contrast energy at low and midrange spatial frequencies. It is commonly accompanied by neurovegetative symptoms. In the case we present here, the patient also suffered from generalised anxiety disorder and was treated with sertraline. After she was diagnosed, she showed symptoms of both fear and disgust towards trypophobic images. After some time following treatment, she only showed disgust towards said images. We finish this case report presenting a comprehensive literature review of the peer reviewed articles we retrieved after an exhaustive search about trypophobia, we discuss how this case report contributes to the understanding of this anxiety disorder, and what questions future studies should address in order to achieve a better understanding of trypophobia.