Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin, on the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes
With the aging process, a loss of skeletal muscle mass and dysfunction related to metabolic syndrome is observed in older people. Yams are commonly use in functional foods and medications with various effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of rhizome extract of Dioscorea...
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doaj-d141a208a96e4bc7833c6426f7657b542020-11-25T00:48:54ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492018-08-01238202310.3390/molecules23082023molecules23082023Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin, on the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 MyotubesJunnan Ma0Seok Yong Kang1Xianglong Meng2An Na Kang3Jong Hun Park4Yong-Ki Park5Hyo Won Jung6Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, KoreaDepartment of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, KoreaDepartment of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, KoreaDepartment of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, KoreaDepartment of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, KoreaDepartment of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, KoreaDepartment of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, KoreaWith the aging process, a loss of skeletal muscle mass and dysfunction related to metabolic syndrome is observed in older people. Yams are commonly use in functional foods and medications with various effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of rhizome extract of Dioscorea batatas (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Chinese yam) and its bioactive compound, allantoin, on myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells. Yams were extracted in water and allantoin was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and mitochondrial biogenesis-regulating factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) and transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were determined in C2C12 myotubes by reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or western blot. The glucose levels and total ATP contents were measured by glucose consumption, glucose uptake and ATP assays, respectively. Treatment with yam extract (1 mg/mL) and allantoin (0.2 and 0.5 mM) significantly increased MyHC expression compared with non-treated myotubes. Yam extract and allantoin significantly increased the expression of PGC-1α, Sirt-1, NRF-1 and TFAM, as well as the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, yam extract and allantoin significantly increased glucose uptake levels and ATP contents. Finally, HPLC analysis revealed that the yam water extract contained 1.53% of allantoin. Yam extract and allantoin stimulated myoblast differentiation into myotubes and increased energy production through the upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators. These findings indicate that yam extract and allantoin can help to prevent skeletal muscle dysfunction through the stimulation of the energy metabolism.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/8/2023allantoinChinese yamC2C12 cellsDioscorea batatasDioscoreae Rhizomamyoblast differentiationmitochondrial biogenesis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Junnan Ma Seok Yong Kang Xianglong Meng An Na Kang Jong Hun Park Yong-Ki Park Hyo Won Jung |
spellingShingle |
Junnan Ma Seok Yong Kang Xianglong Meng An Na Kang Jong Hun Park Yong-Ki Park Hyo Won Jung Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin, on the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes Molecules allantoin Chinese yam C2C12 cells Dioscorea batatas Dioscoreae Rhizoma myoblast differentiation mitochondrial biogenesis |
author_facet |
Junnan Ma Seok Yong Kang Xianglong Meng An Na Kang Jong Hun Park Yong-Ki Park Hyo Won Jung |
author_sort |
Junnan Ma |
title |
Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin, on the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes |
title_short |
Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin, on the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes |
title_full |
Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin, on the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin, on the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin, on the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes |
title_sort |
effects of rhizome extract of dioscorea batatas and its active compound, allantoin, on the regulation of myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in c2c12 myotubes |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2018-08-01 |
description |
With the aging process, a loss of skeletal muscle mass and dysfunction related to metabolic syndrome is observed in older people. Yams are commonly use in functional foods and medications with various effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of rhizome extract of Dioscorea batatas (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Chinese yam) and its bioactive compound, allantoin, on myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells. Yams were extracted in water and allantoin was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and mitochondrial biogenesis-regulating factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) and transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were determined in C2C12 myotubes by reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or western blot. The glucose levels and total ATP contents were measured by glucose consumption, glucose uptake and ATP assays, respectively. Treatment with yam extract (1 mg/mL) and allantoin (0.2 and 0.5 mM) significantly increased MyHC expression compared with non-treated myotubes. Yam extract and allantoin significantly increased the expression of PGC-1α, Sirt-1, NRF-1 and TFAM, as well as the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, yam extract and allantoin significantly increased glucose uptake levels and ATP contents. Finally, HPLC analysis revealed that the yam water extract contained 1.53% of allantoin. Yam extract and allantoin stimulated myoblast differentiation into myotubes and increased energy production through the upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators. These findings indicate that yam extract and allantoin can help to prevent skeletal muscle dysfunction through the stimulation of the energy metabolism. |
topic |
allantoin Chinese yam C2C12 cells Dioscorea batatas Dioscoreae Rhizoma myoblast differentiation mitochondrial biogenesis |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/8/2023 |
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