Oral Bone Tissue Regeneration: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Secretome, and Biomaterials

• Main Authors: Agnese Gugliandolo, Luigia Fonticoli, Oriana Trubiani, Thangavelu S. Rajan, Guya D. Marconi, Placido Bramanti, Emanuela Mazzon, Jacopo Pizzicannella, Francesca Diomede
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: tissue engineering; regenerative medicine; biomaterials; biocompatibility; scaffold; tissue repair
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/10/5236

In the last few decades, tissue engineering has become one of the most studied medical fields. Even if bone shows self-remodeling properties, in some cases, due to injuries or anomalies, bone regeneration can be required. In particular, oral bone regeneration is needed in the dentistry field, where the functional restoration of tissues near the tooth represents a limit for many dental implants. In this context, the application of biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appears promising for bone regeneration. This review focused on in vivo studies that evaluated bone regeneration using biomaterials with MSCs. Different biocompatible biomaterials were enriched with MSCs from different sources. These constructs showed an enhanced bone regenerative power in in vivo models. However, we discussed also a future perspective in tissue engineering using the MSC secretome, namely the conditioned medium and extracellular vesicles. This new approach has already shown promising results for bone tissue regeneration in experimental models.