Emerging health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium contamination: Lessons from the past two decades
Uranium contamination is a global health concern. Regarding natural or anthropogenic uranium contamination, the major sources of concern are groundwater, mining, phosphate fertilizers, nuclear facilities, and military activities. Many epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated that env...
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doaj-d27e9fe6c71e453d94ac32d41fe13ff42020-11-25T03:07:52ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202020-12-01145106107Emerging health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium contamination: Lessons from the past two decadesMinghao Ma0Ruixia Wang1Lining Xu2Ming Xu3Sijin Liu4State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; Corresponding author at: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaUranium contamination is a global health concern. Regarding natural or anthropogenic uranium contamination, the major sources of concern are groundwater, mining, phosphate fertilizers, nuclear facilities, and military activities. Many epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated that environmental and occupational uranium exposure can induce multifarious health problems. Uranium exposure may cause health risks because of its chemotoxicity and radiotoxicity in natural or anthropogenic scenarios: the former is generally thought to play a more significant role with regard to the natural uranium exposure, and the latter is more relevant to enriched uranium exposure. The understanding of the health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium remains at a preliminary stage, and many controversial findings require further research. In order to present state-of-the-art status in this field, this review will primarily focus on the chemotoxicity of uranium, rather than its radiotoxicity, as well as the involved toxicological mechanisms. First, the natural or anthropogenic uranium contamination scenarios will be briefly summarized. Second, the health risks upon natural uranium exposure, for example, nephrotoxicity, bone toxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity, will be discussed based on the reported epidemiological cases and laboratory studies. Third, the recent advances regarding the toxicological mechanisms of uranium-induced chemotoxicity will be highlighted, including oxidative stress, genetic damage, protein impairment, inflammation, and metabolic disorder. Finally, the gaps and challenges in the knowledge of uranium-induced chemotoxicity and underlying mechanisms will be discussed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412020320626Uranium contaminationHuman exposureHealth riskChemotoxicityToxicological mechanism |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Minghao Ma Ruixia Wang Lining Xu Ming Xu Sijin Liu |
spellingShingle |
Minghao Ma Ruixia Wang Lining Xu Ming Xu Sijin Liu Emerging health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium contamination: Lessons from the past two decades Environment International Uranium contamination Human exposure Health risk Chemotoxicity Toxicological mechanism |
author_facet |
Minghao Ma Ruixia Wang Lining Xu Ming Xu Sijin Liu |
author_sort |
Minghao Ma |
title |
Emerging health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium contamination: Lessons from the past two decades |
title_short |
Emerging health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium contamination: Lessons from the past two decades |
title_full |
Emerging health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium contamination: Lessons from the past two decades |
title_fullStr |
Emerging health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium contamination: Lessons from the past two decades |
title_full_unstemmed |
Emerging health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium contamination: Lessons from the past two decades |
title_sort |
emerging health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium contamination: lessons from the past two decades |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Environment International |
issn |
0160-4120 |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
Uranium contamination is a global health concern. Regarding natural or anthropogenic uranium contamination, the major sources of concern are groundwater, mining, phosphate fertilizers, nuclear facilities, and military activities. Many epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated that environmental and occupational uranium exposure can induce multifarious health problems. Uranium exposure may cause health risks because of its chemotoxicity and radiotoxicity in natural or anthropogenic scenarios: the former is generally thought to play a more significant role with regard to the natural uranium exposure, and the latter is more relevant to enriched uranium exposure. The understanding of the health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium remains at a preliminary stage, and many controversial findings require further research. In order to present state-of-the-art status in this field, this review will primarily focus on the chemotoxicity of uranium, rather than its radiotoxicity, as well as the involved toxicological mechanisms. First, the natural or anthropogenic uranium contamination scenarios will be briefly summarized. Second, the health risks upon natural uranium exposure, for example, nephrotoxicity, bone toxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity, will be discussed based on the reported epidemiological cases and laboratory studies. Third, the recent advances regarding the toxicological mechanisms of uranium-induced chemotoxicity will be highlighted, including oxidative stress, genetic damage, protein impairment, inflammation, and metabolic disorder. Finally, the gaps and challenges in the knowledge of uranium-induced chemotoxicity and underlying mechanisms will be discussed. |
topic |
Uranium contamination Human exposure Health risk Chemotoxicity Toxicological mechanism |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412020320626 |
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