Enhanced UV-Reflection Facilitated a Shift in the Pollination System of the Red Poppy, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Papaveraceae)
Evolutionary change is considered a major factor influencing the invasion of new habitats by plants. Yet, evidence on how such modifications promote range expansion remains rather limited. Here we investigated flower color modifications in the red poppy, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Papaverace...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
|
Series: | Plants |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/8/927 |
id |
doaj-e015ed0ae50749ba84b528c0061251a5 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-e015ed0ae50749ba84b528c0061251a52020-11-25T03:05:50ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-07-01992792710.3390/plants9080927Enhanced UV-Reflection Facilitated a Shift in the Pollination System of the Red Poppy, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Papaveraceae)Jaime Martínez-Harms0Ravit Hadar1Natalia Márquez2Randolf Menzel3Avi Shmida4Doekele G. Stavenga5Misha Vorobyev6Institut für Biologie-Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 1–3, 14195 Berlin, GermanyInstitut für Biologie-Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 1–3, 14195 Berlin, GermanyInstitut für Biologie-Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 1–3, 14195 Berlin, GermanyInstitut für Biologie-Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 1–3, 14195 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour, Center for the Study of Rationality, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, IsraelZernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The NetherlandsSchool of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New ZealandEvolutionary change is considered a major factor influencing the invasion of new habitats by plants. Yet, evidence on how such modifications promote range expansion remains rather limited. Here we investigated flower color modifications in the red poppy, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Papaveraceae), as a result of its introduction into Central Europe and the impact of those modifications on its interactions with pollinators. We found that while flowers of Eastern Mediterranean poppies reflect exclusively in the red part of the spectrum, those of Central European poppies reflect both red and ultraviolet (UV) light. This change coincides with a shift from pollination by glaphyrid beetles (Glaphyridae) to bees. Glaphyrids have red-sensitive photoreceptors that are absent in bees, which therefore will not be attracted by colors of exclusively red-reflecting flowers. However, UV-reflecting flowers are easily detectable by bees, as revealed by visual modeling. In the North Mediterranean, flowers with low and high UV reflectance occur sympatrically. We hypothesize that Central European populations of <i>P. rhoeas</i> were initially polymorphic with respect to their flower color and that UV reflection drove a shift in the pollination system of <i>P. rhoeas</i> that facilitated its spread across Europe.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/8/927flower colorpollination systemscolor visionbiological invasions |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jaime Martínez-Harms Ravit Hadar Natalia Márquez Randolf Menzel Avi Shmida Doekele G. Stavenga Misha Vorobyev |
spellingShingle |
Jaime Martínez-Harms Ravit Hadar Natalia Márquez Randolf Menzel Avi Shmida Doekele G. Stavenga Misha Vorobyev Enhanced UV-Reflection Facilitated a Shift in the Pollination System of the Red Poppy, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Papaveraceae) Plants flower color pollination systems color vision biological invasions |
author_facet |
Jaime Martínez-Harms Ravit Hadar Natalia Márquez Randolf Menzel Avi Shmida Doekele G. Stavenga Misha Vorobyev |
author_sort |
Jaime Martínez-Harms |
title |
Enhanced UV-Reflection Facilitated a Shift in the Pollination System of the Red Poppy, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Papaveraceae) |
title_short |
Enhanced UV-Reflection Facilitated a Shift in the Pollination System of the Red Poppy, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Papaveraceae) |
title_full |
Enhanced UV-Reflection Facilitated a Shift in the Pollination System of the Red Poppy, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Papaveraceae) |
title_fullStr |
Enhanced UV-Reflection Facilitated a Shift in the Pollination System of the Red Poppy, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Papaveraceae) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enhanced UV-Reflection Facilitated a Shift in the Pollination System of the Red Poppy, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Papaveraceae) |
title_sort |
enhanced uv-reflection facilitated a shift in the pollination system of the red poppy, <i>papaver rhoeas</i> (papaveraceae) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Plants |
issn |
2223-7747 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Evolutionary change is considered a major factor influencing the invasion of new habitats by plants. Yet, evidence on how such modifications promote range expansion remains rather limited. Here we investigated flower color modifications in the red poppy, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Papaveraceae), as a result of its introduction into Central Europe and the impact of those modifications on its interactions with pollinators. We found that while flowers of Eastern Mediterranean poppies reflect exclusively in the red part of the spectrum, those of Central European poppies reflect both red and ultraviolet (UV) light. This change coincides with a shift from pollination by glaphyrid beetles (Glaphyridae) to bees. Glaphyrids have red-sensitive photoreceptors that are absent in bees, which therefore will not be attracted by colors of exclusively red-reflecting flowers. However, UV-reflecting flowers are easily detectable by bees, as revealed by visual modeling. In the North Mediterranean, flowers with low and high UV reflectance occur sympatrically. We hypothesize that Central European populations of <i>P. rhoeas</i> were initially polymorphic with respect to their flower color and that UV reflection drove a shift in the pollination system of <i>P. rhoeas</i> that facilitated its spread across Europe. |
topic |
flower color pollination systems color vision biological invasions |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/8/927 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT jaimemartinezharms enhanceduvreflectionfacilitatedashiftinthepollinationsystemoftheredpoppyipapaverrhoeasipapaveraceae AT ravithadar enhanceduvreflectionfacilitatedashiftinthepollinationsystemoftheredpoppyipapaverrhoeasipapaveraceae AT nataliamarquez enhanceduvreflectionfacilitatedashiftinthepollinationsystemoftheredpoppyipapaverrhoeasipapaveraceae AT randolfmenzel enhanceduvreflectionfacilitatedashiftinthepollinationsystemoftheredpoppyipapaverrhoeasipapaveraceae AT avishmida enhanceduvreflectionfacilitatedashiftinthepollinationsystemoftheredpoppyipapaverrhoeasipapaveraceae AT doekelegstavenga enhanceduvreflectionfacilitatedashiftinthepollinationsystemoftheredpoppyipapaverrhoeasipapaveraceae AT mishavorobyev enhanceduvreflectionfacilitatedashiftinthepollinationsystemoftheredpoppyipapaverrhoeasipapaveraceae |
_version_ |
1724677045816918016 |