Efficacy of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride Solutions for Remineralization of Initial Enamel Caries Lesions
Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of theobromine in comparison with 0.05% sodium fluoride solution for remineralization of initial enamel caries lesions (IECLs). Materials and Methods: Ninety non-carious extracted premolars were sectioned longitudinally into buccal and lingual segmen...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
2021-04-01
|
Series: | Frontiers in Dentistry |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3090 |
id |
doaj-e1ab791829974298ab31ac9270754875 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-e1ab791829974298ab31ac92707548752021-09-26T04:21:59ZengTehran University of Medical SciencesFrontiers in Dentistry2676-296X2021-04-011810.18502/fid.v18i10.6134Efficacy of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride Solutions for Remineralization of Initial Enamel Caries LesionsFarnaz Farhad0Sohrab Kazemi1Ali Bijani2Nilgoon Pasdar3Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IranCellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranDental Material Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of theobromine in comparison with 0.05% sodium fluoride solution for remineralization of initial enamel caries lesions (IECLs). Materials and Methods: Ninety non-carious extracted premolars were sectioned longitudinally into buccal and lingual segments. Caries-like lesions were induced in each segment using acidified gel. Forty-five buccal segments were used for surface microhardness (SMH) test, and 45 buccal segments were used for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The lingual segments were used as the control group for EDS and SMH test. The baseline SMH was measured with a Vickers hardness tester, and the baseline calcium content was analyzed by EDS. Each test group was divided into three subgroups for treatment with (1) artificial saliva, (2) 1.1 mol/L theobromine, and (3) 0.05% sodium fluoride. Remineralization and demineralization were done by daily pH cycling to simulate the oral environment. Samples in each group were immersed in treatment solutions for 1 min before and after the remineralizing cycle. After a 7-day cycle, the SMH test and EDS analysis were performed again. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post-hoc test, and paired sample t-test (P<0.05). Results: All treatments effectively remineralized the IECLs (P<0.05), and theobromine caused the maximum increase in SMH, which was significantly higher than the value in sodium fluoride group (mean value of 36.56±4.95 versus 23.25±3.92; P=0.000). EDS showed the highest calcium deposition in theobromine group (3.82±1.83wt%). Conclusion: Theobromine is an effective cariostatic agent, and can be considered as a safe alternative to fluoride in preventive dental care. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3090TheobromineDental cariesTooth remineralizationSodium fluorideMouthwash |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Farnaz Farhad Sohrab Kazemi Ali Bijani Nilgoon Pasdar |
spellingShingle |
Farnaz Farhad Sohrab Kazemi Ali Bijani Nilgoon Pasdar Efficacy of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride Solutions for Remineralization of Initial Enamel Caries Lesions Frontiers in Dentistry Theobromine Dental caries Tooth remineralization Sodium fluoride Mouthwash |
author_facet |
Farnaz Farhad Sohrab Kazemi Ali Bijani Nilgoon Pasdar |
author_sort |
Farnaz Farhad |
title |
Efficacy of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride Solutions for Remineralization of Initial Enamel Caries Lesions |
title_short |
Efficacy of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride Solutions for Remineralization of Initial Enamel Caries Lesions |
title_full |
Efficacy of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride Solutions for Remineralization of Initial Enamel Caries Lesions |
title_fullStr |
Efficacy of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride Solutions for Remineralization of Initial Enamel Caries Lesions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Efficacy of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride Solutions for Remineralization of Initial Enamel Caries Lesions |
title_sort |
efficacy of theobromine and sodium fluoride solutions for remineralization of initial enamel caries lesions |
publisher |
Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
series |
Frontiers in Dentistry |
issn |
2676-296X |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of theobromine in comparison with 0.05% sodium fluoride solution for remineralization of initial enamel caries lesions (IECLs).
Materials and Methods: Ninety non-carious extracted premolars were sectioned longitudinally into buccal and lingual segments. Caries-like lesions were induced in each segment using acidified gel. Forty-five buccal segments were used for surface microhardness (SMH) test, and 45 buccal segments were used for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The lingual segments were used as the control group for EDS and SMH test. The baseline SMH was measured with a Vickers hardness tester, and the baseline calcium content was analyzed by EDS. Each test group was divided into three subgroups for treatment with (1) artificial saliva, (2) 1.1 mol/L theobromine, and (3) 0.05% sodium fluoride. Remineralization and demineralization were done by daily pH cycling to simulate the oral environment. Samples in each group were immersed in treatment solutions for 1 min before and after the remineralizing cycle. After a 7-day cycle, the SMH test and EDS analysis were performed again. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post-hoc test, and paired sample t-test (P<0.05).
Results: All treatments effectively remineralized the IECLs (P<0.05), and theobromine caused the maximum increase in SMH, which was significantly higher than the value in sodium fluoride group (mean value of 36.56±4.95 versus 23.25±3.92; P=0.000). EDS showed the highest calcium deposition in theobromine group (3.82±1.83wt%).
Conclusion: Theobromine is an effective cariostatic agent, and can be considered as a safe alternative to fluoride in preventive dental care.
|
topic |
Theobromine Dental caries Tooth remineralization Sodium fluoride Mouthwash |
url |
https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3090 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT farnazfarhad efficacyoftheobromineandsodiumfluoridesolutionsforremineralizationofinitialenamelcarieslesions AT sohrabkazemi efficacyoftheobromineandsodiumfluoridesolutionsforremineralizationofinitialenamelcarieslesions AT alibijani efficacyoftheobromineandsodiumfluoridesolutionsforremineralizationofinitialenamelcarieslesions AT nilgoonpasdar efficacyoftheobromineandsodiumfluoridesolutionsforremineralizationofinitialenamelcarieslesions |
_version_ |
1716868579751624704 |