Extraction of Ibuprofen from Natural Waters Using a Covalent Organic Framework
Ibuprofen is one of the most widely used pharmaceuticals, and due to its inefficient removal by conventional wastewater treatment, it can be found in natural surface waters at high concentrations. Recently, we demonstrated that the TpBD-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> covalent o...
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doaj-e217fd9b8f6b431a9e08d979a67f0c1c2020-11-25T03:45:20ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-07-01253132313210.3390/molecules25143132Extraction of Ibuprofen from Natural Waters Using a Covalent Organic FrameworkSoraia P. S. Fernandes0Abdelkarim Mellah1Petr Kovář2Marisa P. Sárria3Milan Pšenička4Harik Djamila5Laura M. Salonen6Begoña Espiña7International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalCharles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech RepublicInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalCharles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech RepublicNational Polytechnic School, Environmental Engineering Department, Laboratory of Sciences and Environmental Techniques, 10 Avenue Hacen Badi, BP182 El Harrach, Algiers 16200, AlgeriaInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalIbuprofen is one of the most widely used pharmaceuticals, and due to its inefficient removal by conventional wastewater treatment, it can be found in natural surface waters at high concentrations. Recently, we demonstrated that the TpBD-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> covalent organic framework (COF) can adsorb ibuprofen from ultrapure water with high efficiency. Here, we investigate the performance of the COF for the extraction of ibuprofen from natural water samples from a lake, river, and estuary. In general, the complexity of the natural water matrix induced a reduction in the adsorption efficiency of ibuprofen as compared to ultrapure water. The best performance, with over 70% adsorption efficiency, was found in lake water, the sample which featured the lowest pH. According to the theoretical calculations, ibuprofen more favorably interacts with the COF pores in the protonated form, which could partially account for the enhanced adsorption efficiency found in lake water. In addition, we explored the effect of the presence of competing pharmaceuticals, namely, acetaminophen and phenobarbital, on the ibuprofen adsorption as binary mixtures. Acetaminophen and phenobarbital were adsorbed by TpBD-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> with low efficiency and their presence led to an increase in ibuprofen adsorption in the binary mixtures. Overall, this study demonstrates that TpBD-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> is an efficient adsorbent for the extraction of ibuprofen from natural waters as well.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/14/3132covalent organic frameworkspharmaceutical pollutantsadsorptionenvironmental water samples |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Soraia P. S. Fernandes Abdelkarim Mellah Petr Kovář Marisa P. Sárria Milan Pšenička Harik Djamila Laura M. Salonen Begoña Espiña |
spellingShingle |
Soraia P. S. Fernandes Abdelkarim Mellah Petr Kovář Marisa P. Sárria Milan Pšenička Harik Djamila Laura M. Salonen Begoña Espiña Extraction of Ibuprofen from Natural Waters Using a Covalent Organic Framework Molecules covalent organic frameworks pharmaceutical pollutants adsorption environmental water samples |
author_facet |
Soraia P. S. Fernandes Abdelkarim Mellah Petr Kovář Marisa P. Sárria Milan Pšenička Harik Djamila Laura M. Salonen Begoña Espiña |
author_sort |
Soraia P. S. Fernandes |
title |
Extraction of Ibuprofen from Natural Waters Using a Covalent Organic Framework |
title_short |
Extraction of Ibuprofen from Natural Waters Using a Covalent Organic Framework |
title_full |
Extraction of Ibuprofen from Natural Waters Using a Covalent Organic Framework |
title_fullStr |
Extraction of Ibuprofen from Natural Waters Using a Covalent Organic Framework |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extraction of Ibuprofen from Natural Waters Using a Covalent Organic Framework |
title_sort |
extraction of ibuprofen from natural waters using a covalent organic framework |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Ibuprofen is one of the most widely used pharmaceuticals, and due to its inefficient removal by conventional wastewater treatment, it can be found in natural surface waters at high concentrations. Recently, we demonstrated that the TpBD-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> covalent organic framework (COF) can adsorb ibuprofen from ultrapure water with high efficiency. Here, we investigate the performance of the COF for the extraction of ibuprofen from natural water samples from a lake, river, and estuary. In general, the complexity of the natural water matrix induced a reduction in the adsorption efficiency of ibuprofen as compared to ultrapure water. The best performance, with over 70% adsorption efficiency, was found in lake water, the sample which featured the lowest pH. According to the theoretical calculations, ibuprofen more favorably interacts with the COF pores in the protonated form, which could partially account for the enhanced adsorption efficiency found in lake water. In addition, we explored the effect of the presence of competing pharmaceuticals, namely, acetaminophen and phenobarbital, on the ibuprofen adsorption as binary mixtures. Acetaminophen and phenobarbital were adsorbed by TpBD-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> with low efficiency and their presence led to an increase in ibuprofen adsorption in the binary mixtures. Overall, this study demonstrates that TpBD-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> is an efficient adsorbent for the extraction of ibuprofen from natural waters as well. |
topic |
covalent organic frameworks pharmaceutical pollutants adsorption environmental water samples |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/14/3132 |
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